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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17947</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-IAE-17947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">IL-27 as effector molecule in viral infections and immunity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>IL-27 как эффекторное звено иммунного ответа при вирусных инфекциях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-5014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobova</surname><given-names>Zoya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробова</surname><given-names>Зоя Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии, ассистент кафедры иммунологии</p></bio><email>zoia-korobova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-308X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arsentieva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арсентьева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Associate Professor of the Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии, доцент кафедры иммунологии</p></bio><email>arsentieva_n.a@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director, Head of the Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор, зав. кафедрой иммунологии</p></bio><email>zoia-korobova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>837</fpage><lpage>845</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Korobova Z.R., Arsentieva N.A., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Коробова З.Р., Арсентьева Н.А., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korobova Z.R., Arsentieva N.A., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коробова З.Р., Арсентьева Н.А., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17947">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17947</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine with multifaceted effects on immune responses. It is composed of two subunits: IL-27p28 и EBI3. The receptor complex for IL-27 consists of the heterodimeric IL-27R, which includes IL-27Rα and gp130. This receptor is expressed on various cell types, including T lymphocytes, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, as well as endothelial and epithelial cells. Initially, IL-27 was primarily associated with Th1-mediated immune responses, but it is now recognized to also exhibit anti-inflammatory functions. IL-27 is mainly produced by antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, but can also be secreted by adaptive immune cells. Its production is linked to infectious and autoimmune processes. The key effects of this cytokine include: direct modulation of effector CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell functions, stimulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 production, recruitment of specialized regulatory T cells (Treg). In vitro, IL-27 promotes the proliferation of naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes through simultaneous binding to CD3 and the T-cell receptor. Additionally, this cytokine enhances CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell mobilization by increasing the secretion of chemokines and adhesion molecules. At the same time, IL-27 exerts anti-inflammatory effects, particularly by suppressing Th17-mediated immune responses. Despite its dual functionality, IL-27 is frequently associated with the progression of infectious processes in in vitro experiments and murine models. It serves as a crucial modulator of immune responses, capable of both activating protective mechanisms and restraining excessive inflammation. This study, based on literature data and the personal findings, highlights the diverse roles of IL-27 in viral infections such as influenza, HIV, COVID-19, and hepatitis B and C. The potential of IL-27 as a laboratory marker for clinical progression of viral infections remains to be fully elucidated. Its levels in peripheral blood are influenced by multiple factors, including the presence or absence of comorbidities. Thus, IL-27 is a key cytokine involved in the immunopathogenesis of viral infections. Investigating its diagnostic and differential significance in the aforementioned conditions may become a relevant scientific challenge.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Интерлейкин-27 (IL-27) — это цитокин, обладающий разнонаправленным влиянием на иммунный ответ. Он состоит из двух субъединиц: IL-27p28 и EBI3. Рецепторный комплекс для IL-27 представлен молекулой IL-27R, также являющейся гетеродимером. Он состоит из молекул IL-27Rα и gp130; данный рецептор, как правило, несут разные клетки, включая Т-лимфоциты, В-клетки, NK-клетки, дендритные клетки, макрофаги, а также эндотелиальные и эпителиальные клетки. Первоначально его связывали преимущественно с развитием Th1-опосредованных иммунологических реакций, однако теперь известно, что он также обладает противовоспалительными функциями. Синтез IL-27 в основном осуществляется антигенпрезентирующими клетками, такими как дендритные клетки и макрофаги, но может продуцироваться и клетками адаптивного иммунитета; его продукция связана с инфекционными и аутоиммунными процессами. Основные эффекты, реализуемые данным цитокином, включают: прямое воздействие на функции эффекторных CD4<sup>+</sup> и CD8<sup>+</sup> T-клеток, стимуляцию выработки противовоспалительного IL-10, рекрутинг специализированных регуляторных T-клеток (Treg). В условиях <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vitro</italic> IL-27 стимулирует пролиферацию наивных CD4<sup>+</sup> T-лимфоцитов посредством одновременного связывания с CD3 и T-клеточным рецептором. Кроме того, данный цитокин усиливает мобилизацию CD4<sup>+</sup> T-клеток, повышая секрецию хемокинов и молекул адгезии. При этом IL-27 реализует и противовоспалительные эффекты — в частности, в отношении Th17-опосредованного иммунного ответа. Несмотря на некоторую «дуальность» своих эффектов, IL-27 часто сопровождает развитие инфекционных процессов в экспериментах <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vitro</italic> и на мышиных моделях. IL-27 выступает важным модулятором иммунных процессов, способным как активировать защитные реакции, так и ограничивать чрезмерное воспаление. Настоящая работа основана на данных литературы и собственных результатах авторов, и демонстрирует многообразие функций IL-27 в при таких вирусных инфекциях как грипп, ВИЧ-инфекция, COVID-19, вирусные гепатиты B и С. Роль IL-27 в качестве лабораторного маркера клинического течения вирусных инфекций еще предстоит раскрыть. Его содержание в периферической крови зависит от множества факторов, в том числе от наличия или отсутствия сопутствующих заболеваний. Таким образом, IL-27 является одним из ключевых цитокинов, участвующих в иммунопатогенезе вирусных инфекций. Изучение его дифференциально-диагностической информативности при перечисленных состояниях может стать актуальной научной задачей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IL-27</kwd><kwd>viral infections</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>viral hepatitis</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>herpesvirus infections</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>IL-27</kwd><kwd>вирусные инфекции</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>вирусные гепатиты</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>герпесвирусные инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Госзадание</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>121021600217-1</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Арсентьева Н.А., Бацунов О.К., Любимова Н.Е., Басина В.В., Эсауленко Е.В., Тотолян А.А. 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