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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17919</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-TAL-17919</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The authentic live influenza cell-based vaccine and its imitations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аутентичная живая гриппозная культуральная вакцина и ее имитации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-9873</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7857-7306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Ирина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Professor, Head of Laboratory of General Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией общей вирусологии</p></bio><email>irina.v.kiseleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1171-3383</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4709-5010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larionova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларионова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of General Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории общей вирусологии</p></bio><email>nvlarionova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>846</fpage><lpage>854</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kiseleva I.V., Larionova N.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Киселева И.В., Ларионова Н.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiseleva I.V., Larionova N.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киселева И.В., Ларионова Н.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17919">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17919</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of transferring the technology of influenza vaccine production from developing chicken embryos to mammalian cell culture has been discussed for many years. The technologies being developed for the production of cell-based vaccines rely on two promising substrates — continuous Vero and MDCK cell lines, which effectively support the replication of influenza viruses of various subtypes. In 2018, the WHO issued the first recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines produced in mammalian cell culture. Since then, the WHO has issued separate recommendations for egg-based and cell-based vaccines for the upcoming epidemic season. The cell-based influenza vaccine has a number of undeniable advantages: the possibility of mass production of the vaccine preparation, which is particularly important during a pandemic, and the lack of an allergenic factor such as egg white in the vaccine. It is also believed that conventional egg-based influenza vaccines may be less effective than cell-based vaccines due to acquired adaptive “egg” mutations. All of the above suggests that the development of appropriate cellular systems highly sensitive to currently circulating influenza virus strains and capable of ensuring the accumulation of large amounts of viral biomass is of considerable practical interest. If we compare two conventional influenza vaccines, inactivated and live, the latter has a number of advantages, such as a non-injection route of administration, a broader spectrum of protection, high yield, low cost, simplicity of the production process, etc. If we add to this a new — cellular — substrate for the production and accumulation of viral biomass, we have the prospect of developing a vaccine preparation with virtually no drawbacks. Despite the obvious advantages of cell culture as a substrate for influenza vaccine production, some influenza vaccines, including live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine, are still produced in the developing chicken embryos. Therefore, we considered it appropriate to collect the available scientific literature on the development of approaches for the production of a live influenza cold-adapted cell-based vaccine.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проблема перевода производства гриппозных вакцин с развивающихся куриных эмбрионов в культуру клеток млекопитающих обсуждается на протяжении уже многих лет. Разрабатываемые технологии производства культуральных вакцин базируются на двух перспективных субстратах — перевиваемых клеточных линиях Vero и MDCK, которые эффективно поддерживают репродукцию вирусов гриппа различных подтипов. В 2018 г. Всемирная организация здравоохранения сделала первые рекомендации по составу гриппозных вакцин, подготовленных в культуре клеток млекопитающих. С этого момента Всемирная организация здравоохранения дает рекомендации на предстоящий эпидемический сезон отдельно для «яичных» и культуральных вакцин. Культуральная гриппозная вакцина имеет ряд неоспоримых преимуществ. К ним можно отнести возможность массовой наработки препарата, что особенно важно при наступлении пандемической ситуации, а также отсутствие в вакцине такого аллергизирующего фактора, как яичный белок. Полагают также, что традиционно производимые в развивающихся куриных эмбрионах гриппозные вакцины из-за приобретенных адаптационных «яичных» мутаций могут быть менее эффективными, чем вакцины, подготовленные на основе клеточных культур. Все вышесказанное свидетельствует в пользу того, что разработка адекватных клеточных систем, высокочувствительных к современным циркулирующим штаммам вируса гриппа и способных обеспечить накопление больших количеств вирусной биомассы, представляет значительный практический интерес. Если сравнивать между собой две традиционные гриппозные вакцины, инактивированную и живую, последняя имеет ряд преимуществ, таких как неинъекционный путь введения, более широкий спектр защиты, высокая урожайность, низкая себестоимость, простота производственного процесса и пр. Если сюда добавить новый — клеточный — субстрат для производства и накопления вирусной биомассы, то вырисовывается перспектива разработки практически лишенного недостатков вакцинного препарата. Несмотря на очевидные преимущества культуры клеток в качестве субстрата для производства гриппозных вакцин, некоторые гриппозные вакцины, и среди них живая гриппозная вакцина, продолжают производить в развивающихся куриных эмбрионах. Поэтому нам представилось целесообразным собрать доступную научную литературу о разработке подходов к созданию живой гриппозной холодоадаптированной культуральной вакцины.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza vaccines</kwd><kwd>live influenza vaccine</kwd><kwd>reassortants</kwd><kwd>substrates</kwd><kwd>developing chicken embryos</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гриппозные вакцины</kwd><kwd>живая гриппозная вакцина</kwd><kwd>реассортанты</kwd><kwd>субстраты</kwd><kwd>развивающиеся куриные эмбрионы</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание ФГБНУ «ИЭМ»</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State assignment of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "IEM"</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FGWG–2025–0015</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Киселева И.В., Исакова И.Н., Ларионова Н.В., Олейник Е.С., Руденко Л.Г. 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