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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17906</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-EAC-17906</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized children in Novosibirsk in 2019–2024</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиология и клиническая характеристика метапневмовирусной инфекции у госпитализированных детей г. Новосибирска в 2019–2024 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-2026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurskaya</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курская</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., руководитель лаборатории респираторных вирусных инфекций, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и биоразнообразия вирусов</p></bio><email>kurskaya_og@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7891-5847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nokhova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нохова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории респираторных вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>alina-nohova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-5425</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58142611500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9462-0024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saroyan</surname><given-names>Tereza A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сароян</surname><given-names>Тереза Араевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории респираторных вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>111.st.13@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomatina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломатина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и биоразнообразия вирусов</p></bio><email>mvsolomatina@frcftm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazachkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казачкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>kazachkova.evgeniya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гутова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Infections</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории респираторных вирусных инфекций</p></bio><email>theshirskiucot@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anoshina</surname><given-names>Anjelika V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аношина</surname><given-names>Анжелика В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. инфекционным отделением</p></bio><email>anzhelika.anoshina2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simkina</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симкина</surname><given-names>Ольга А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> epidemiologist GBUZ NSO «DGKB No. 3».</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-эпидемиолог ГБУЗ НСО ДГКБ№ 3 </p></bio><email>olgasimkina83@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-9872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharshov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаршов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., руководитель лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и биоразнообразия вирусов</p></bio><email>sharshov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Professor, Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, директор</p></bio><email>shestopalov2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (FRC FTM)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 6, Novosibirsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НСО Детская городская клиническая больница № 6 г. Новосибирска</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 3, Novosibirsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ НСО Детская городская клиническая больница № 3 г. Новосибирска</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>965</fpage><lpage>976</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-31"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-25"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kurskaya O.G., Nokhova A.R., Saroyan T.A., Solomatina M.V., Kazachkova E.A., Gutova T.A., Anoshina A.V., Simkina O.A., Sharshov K.A., Shestopalov A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Курская О.Г., Нохова А.Р., Сароян Т.А., Соломатина М.В., Казачкова Е.А., Гутова Т.А., Аношина А.В., Симкина О.А., Шаршов К.А., Шестопалов А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurskaya O.G., Nokhova A.R., Saroyan T.A., Solomatina M.V., Kazachkova E.A., Gutova T.A., Anoshina A.V., Simkina O.A., Sharshov K.A., Shestopalov A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курская О.Г., Нохова А.Р., Сароян Т.А., Соломатина М.В., Казачкова Е.А., Гутова Т.А., Аношина А.В., Симкина О.А., Шаршов К.А., Шестопалов А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17906">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17906</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold><bold>.</bold> Metapneumovirus frequently causes respiratory tract infections in children worldwide, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract disease to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, not all countries conduct regular metapneumovirus infection monitoring that complicates its infection trend analysis. The aim of the work was to analyze the etiological pattern of acute respiratory diseases by assessing proportion of metapneumovirus infection, as well as comparatively assess clinical characteristics of the main acute respiratory viral infections in children in Novosibirsk. <bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Between November 2019 and May 2024, from children aged 0–17 years, admitted with symptoms of acute respiratory diseases there were collected and analyzed 6468 samples for metapneumovirus and other respiratory viruses using real-time polymerase chain reaction. <bold>Results.</bold> Viral etiology of acute respiratory diseases in hospitalized children was confirmed in 63.0% (4077/6468) of cases. The etiological ARVI pattern differed significantly in various epidemic seasons. Thus, in 2019–2020, influenza virus (27.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (21.1%) dominated in the etiology of acute respiratory viral infections, while metapneumovirus was detected only in as few as 1.6% of children. In contrast, in 2020–2021, we observed a sharp increase in the detection rate of metapneumovirus (28%) paralleled with the absence of influenza virus and RSV. At the same time, in the following season (2021–2022) we did not detect any cases of metapneumovirus infection. In the following two seasons, the detection rate of metapneumovirus was about 5%: in children aged 3–6 years it was significantly higher than in infants and children aged 7–17 years. Clinical signs of metapneumovirus infection included fever, cough, dyspnoea, hypoxia and were similar to the manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection. At the same time, fever above 39°C and malaise were significantly more frequent in patients with influenza. <bold>Conclusion.</bold> Understanding the epidemiology of specific respiratory infections, compared with global trends, can help to develop targeted prevention and control measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Метапневмовирус является частой причиной инфекций дыхательных путей у детей во всем мире. Клинические проявления метапневмовирусной инфекции варьируются от легких заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей до тяжелых случаев бронхиолитов и пневмоний. Однако не все страны проводят регулярный мониторинг метапневмовируса, что затрудняет анализ тенденции распространения этого патогена. Цель работы — анализ этиологической структуры острых респираторных заболеваний с оценкой доли метапневмовирусной инфекции, а также сравнительный анализ клинических характеристик основных ОРВИ у детей в г. Новосибирске. <bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В период с ноября 2019 г. по май 2024 г. мы собрали и проанализировали с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени 6468 образцов от детей 0–17 лет, госпитализированных с симптомами острых респираторных заболеваний, на наличие метапневмовируса и других респираторных вирусов. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Вирусная этиология острых респираторных заболеваний у госпитализированных детей была подтверждена в 63,0% (4077/6468) случаев. Этиологическая структура ОРВИ значительно отличалась в разные эпидемические сезоны. Так, в 2019–2020 гг. в этиологии ОРВИ преобладали вирус гриппа (27,8%) и респираторно-синцитиальный вирус (21,1%), в то время как метапневмовирус был выявлен только у 1,6% детей. Напротив, в 2020–2021 гг. мы наблюдали резкое увеличение частоты выявления метапневмовируса (28%) на фоне отсутствия вируса гриппа и РСВ. При этом в следующем сезоне (2021–2022 гг.) нами не было выявлено ни одного случая метапневмовирусной инфекции. В последующие два сезона уровень выявления метапневмовируса составил около 5%. Уровень выявления метапневмовируса у детей в возрасте 3–6 лет был достоверно выше, чем у детей раннего возраста и детей 7–17 лет. Клинические признаки метапневмовирусной инфекции включали повышение температуры, кашель, одышку, гипоксию и были схожи с проявлениями респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции. При этом у пациентов с гриппом достоверно чаще наблюдались лихорадка выше 39°С и недомогание. <bold>Заключение.</bold> Понимание особенностей эпидемиологии конкретных респираторных инфекций и их сопоставление с мировыми тенденциями может помочь в разработке целенаправленных мер профилактики и контроля.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>metapneumovirus infection</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory infection</kwd><kwd>clinical symptoms</kwd><kwd>co-infection</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>метапневмовирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>ОРВИ</kwd><kwd>клинические симптомы</kwd><kwd>коинфекция</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-64-00005</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации госзадание № 075-00485-24-01</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No 075-00485-24-01</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>125013001100-2</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baker R.E., Park S.W., Yang W., Vecchi G.A., Metcalf C.J.E., Grenfell B.T. 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