Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1787610.15789/2220-7619-TUO-17876ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleThe use of probiotics as current adjuvant therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection in gastrointestinal diseaseИспользование пробиотиков в качестве современной адъювантной терапии инфекции SARS-CoV-2 при заболеваниях желудочно-кишечного трактаBudiyonoDennyБудийоноДенни
Indonesia

General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine

врач общей практики, медицинский факультет

denny.budiyono@yahoo.co.idIntanA. M.ИнтанА. М.
Indonesia

Sp.PD., M. Kes, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine

специалист по внутренним болезням, магистр наук в области здравоохранения, Больница доктора Моварди, медицинский факультет

intanardyla1608@gmail.comNurhasanP. A.НурхасанП. А.
Indonesia

Sp.PD., M. Kes, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine

специалист по внутренним болезням, магистр наук в области здравоохранения, Больница доктора Моварди, медицинский факультет

dr.nurhasan21@staff.uns.ac.idSebelas Maret UniversityУниверситет Себелас Марет03062025081220251559449540303202513052025Copyright ©; 2025, Budiyono D., Intan A.M., Nurhasan P.A.Copyright ©; 2025, Будийоно Д., Интан А.М., Нурхасан П.А.2025Budiyono D., Intan A.M., Nurhasan P.A.Будийоно Д., Интан А.М., Нурхасан П.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17876

Introduction. SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that causes COVID-19 which is currently a pandemic situation. The symptoms of COVID-19 can vary from asymptomatic to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Some patients may also have gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Recently, it is known that some COVID-19 patients also showed microbial dysbiosis with decreased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. With the increasing number of reported cases and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19 patients, we are trying to summarize the possibility of using probiotics as the current adjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods. We did a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and screened bibliographies of other articles. The search yielded 2836 articles and 55 of them met eligibility criteria for this systematic review. Results and discussion. Probiotics can affect the gastrointestinal tract through some mechanism including: 1) competitive exclusion of pathogens and production of antimicrobial substances, 2) enzymatic activities and production of volatile fatty acid, 3) cell adhesion and mucin production, 4) enhancement of epithelial barrier, 5) modulation of the immune system. In recent data, probiotics are used in some COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal disease. It is also considered to help overcome cytokine storms by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and enhance the patient’s immunity by modulating the immune system. Conclusion. Probiotics can be used as the current adjuvant therapy to eliminate gastrointestinal disease in SARS-CoV-2 infection and prevent further complications of COVID-19. However, further clinical research still needed to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in COVID-19 patients.

Введение. SARS-CoV-2 — это вирус, явившийся причиной развития пандемии COVID-19. Выраженность симптомов COVID-19 может варьировать от бессимптомного течения до развития острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома. У некоторых пациентов также могут отмечаться желудочно-кишечные проявления, такие как диарея, рвота и боли в животе. Недавно было показано, что у некоторых пациентов с COVID-19 также наблюдался микробный дисбактериоз со снижением количества Lactobacillus и Bifidobacterium. С ростом числа зарегистрированных случаев проявления желудочно-кишечных симптомов у пациентов с COVID-19 нами была сделана попытка обобщения возможности использования пробиотиков в качестве современной адъювантной терапии желудочно-кишечных заболеваний, вызванных инфекцией SARS-CoV-2. Материалы и методы. Был проведен комплексный поиск литературы в базах данных PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar по указанной теме, включая анализ библиографических источников других статей. В результате обнаружено 2836 статей, 55 из них соответствовали критериям приемлемости включения в настоящий систематический обзор. Результаты и обсуждение. Пробиотики могут влиять на желудочно-кишечный тракт через ряд механизмов, включая: 1) конкурентное исключение патогенов и выработку антимикробных веществ; 2) ферментативную активность и выработку летучих жирных кислот; 3) адгезию клеток и выработку муцина; 4) усиление эпителиального барьера; 5) модуляцию иммунной системы. Согласно последним данным, пробиотики используются у некоторых пациентов с COVID-19 с желудочно-кишечными проявлениями. Также считается, что они помогают компенсировать эффекты цитокинового шторма, подавляя провоспалительные цитокины, и повышают иммунитет пациента. Заключение. Пробиотики можно использовать в качестве современной адъювантной терапии для купирования желудочно-кишечных проявлений при инфекции SARS-CoV-2 и предотвращения дальнейших осложнений COVID-19. Однако для определения эффективности пробиотиков у пациентов с COVID-19 необходимо проведение дальнейших клинических исследований.

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