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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17850</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ANC-17850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptive NK cells acquire B-lymphocyte CD19 surface marker via trogocytosis during activation of chronic EBV infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трогоцитоз адаптивными NK-клетками фрагментов мембран B-лимфоцитов при активации хронической ВЭБ-инфекции приводит к экспрессии CD19 на NK</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашникова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Research Department of Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела лабораторной диагностики научно-исследовательского центра</p></bio><email>petkova_nas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkova</surname><given-names>Nataliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычкова</surname><given-names>Наталия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической иммунологии</p></bio><email>bnv19692007@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakityanskaya</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ракитянская</surname><given-names>Ирина Анисимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Clinical Immunologist, Consultant of the Department of Allergology-Immunology and Clinical Transfusiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, клинический иммунолог, консультант отделения аллергологии-иммунологии и клинической трансфузиологии</p></bio><email>tat-akyla@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Nikiforov All-Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины им. А.М. Никифорова МЧС России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I.Kulakov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ НМИЦ акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии имени академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Municipal Outpatient Hospital no. 112</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">СПбГБУЗ Городская поликлиника № 112</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>589</fpage><lpage>504</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-17"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-18"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kalashnikova A.A., Bychkova N.V., Rakityanskaya I.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Калашникова А.А., Бычкова Н.В., Ракитянская И.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kalashnikova A.A., Bychkova N.V., Rakityanskaya I.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Калашникова А.А., Бычкова Н.В., Ракитянская И.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17850">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17850</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the last decade, there have been reports of NK with low CD19 coexpression in the blood and bone marrow. There is no data on their association with pathology. We have previously shown that CD19+dim NK has an adaptive phenotype. A possible reason for the appearance of CD19 on NK may occur via trogocytosis of B-lymphocytes during active EBV infection. The aim of study is to identify factors contributing to the appearance of a CD56+CD19+dim NK in the peripheral blood of patients with herpes infection. Materials and methods. Blood, saliva, and other biological fluids from 225 patients (34.6±8.5 years, 71% women) were analyzed. Chronic persistent EBV infection was noted in 29%, CMV — in 2.2%, mixed infection — in 10%. IgM to CMV and IgG with avidity were determined in serum; CMV and EBV DNA in biological fluids. Subpopulations of blood lymphocytes were studied by flow cytometry to quantitate CD19+dim NK cell level. In individuals without IgG to CMV, CD19+dim NK were not determined. A relationship was found between the presence of DNA of each virus and the presence of CD19+dim NK cells. The proportion of CD19+dim NK cells peaked at active replication of both viruses and decreased in the absence of CMV replication. Among individuals with mixed infection, cell subpopulation was identified in the group of younger patients with long-term chronic EBV infection. In this group, no significant changes in the content of total immunoglobulins were detected; no diseases in history that suppress an adequate humoral immunity were observed. Among individuals with mixed infection, but without CD19+dim NK cells, a decrease in total immunoglobulins and the presence of diseases leading to altered production of specific immunoglobulins were more often noted. The appearance of CD19+dim NK cells in the blood is facilitated by CMV infection, the presence of long-term chronic EBV infection with activation at the time of the study, and an intact humoral immunity. CD19+dim NK cells are not detected in individuals without IgG to CMV, in the absence of EBV activation, in the presence of diseases that lead to impaired humoral immunity. The appearance of the CD56+CD19+dim NK cells in the blood is a consequence of the participation of adaptive NK cells in the antiviral response with a high level of neutralizing antibodies and a marker of trogocytosis of B-cells that have bound EBV. The possibility of the presence of CD19+dim NK cells in the blood must be taken into account when phenotyping B-cells.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В последнее десятилетие появились сообщения о выявлении в крови и костном мозге NK-клеток со слабой коэкспрессией CD19. Практически отсутствует оценка частоты встречаемости и относительного количества CD56+CD19+dim клеток, нет данных о связи с какой-либо патологией. Ранее мы показали, что эта субпопуляция имеет фенотип адаптивных NK-клеток. Возможной причиной появления CD19 на NK может быть трогоцитоз мембран В-лимфоцитов при активной ВЭБ-инфекции. Цель: выявить факторы, способствующие появлению в периферической крови субпопуляции CD56+CD19+dim NK-лимфоцитов у пациентов с герпетической инфекцией. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы кровь, слюна и другие биологические жидкости 225 пациентов (34,6±8,5 лет, 71% женщин). Хроническая персистирующая ВЭБ-инфекция отмечена у 29% лиц, ЦМВ — у 2,2%, микст-инфекция — у 10%. Врач-инфекционист оценивал средний стаж и активность заболевания. Определяли иммуноглобулины к ЦМВ классов M (иммунохемилюминесценция) и G с авидностью (иммуноферментный анализ) в сыворотке; ДНК ЦМВ и ВЭБ (ПЦР-РВ) в биологических жидкостях. Исследовали субпопуляции лимфоцитов крови (проточная цитометрия) с оценкой содержания CD19+dim NK-клеток. У лиц без IgG к ЦМВ субпопуляция CD19+dim NK-клеток не определена. Выявлена взаимосвязь между наличием в биологической жидкости ДНК каждого из вирусов и присутствием CD19+dim NK-клеток в крови. Доля CD19+dim NK-клеток была максимальной при активной репликации обоих вирусов и снижалась при отсутствии активной репликации ЦМВ. Среди лиц с микст-инфекцией субпопуляция определена в группе более молодых пациентов со средним стажем ВЭБ-инфекции свыше 4 лет, ЦМВ-инфекции — около 3 лет. В этой группе не выявлены значительные изменения содержания общих иммуноглобулинов, в анамнезе отсутствовали заболевания, подавляющие адекватный гуморальный иммунный ответ. Среди лиц с микст-инфекцией, но без CD19+dim NK-клеток, чаще отмечали снижение общих иммуноглобулинов и наличие заболеваний, приводящих к нарушению продукции специфических иммуноглобулинов. Появлению в крови CD19+dim NK-лимфоцитов способствует ЦМВ-инфекция, наличие длительной хронической ВЭБ-инфекции с активацией на момент исследования, сохранный гуморальный иммунный ответ. CD19+dim NK-клетки не определены у лиц без ЦМВ-инфекции в анамнезе, при отсутствии активации ВЭБ, при наличии заболеваний, приводящих к нарушению гуморального иммунитета. Появление в крови субпопуляции CD56+CD19+dim является следствием участия адаптивных NK в противовирусном ответе при высоком содержании нейтрализующих антител и маркером трогоцитоза В-лимфоцитов, связавших ВЭБ. Возможность присутствия в крови CD19+dim NK-лимфоцитов необходимо учитывать при фенотипировании В-клеток, поскольку их наличие может приводить к некорректному результату.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CD19+ NK-cells</kwd><kwd>CD56+CD19+dim</kwd><kwd>adaptive NK</kwd><kwd>trogocytosis</kwd><kwd>EBV infection</kwd><kwd>CMV infection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>CD19+ NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>CD56+CD19+dim</kwd><kwd>адаптивные NK</kwd><kwd>трогоцитоз</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>ЦМВ-инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Дубоносова Е.Ю., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Вишнева Е.А., Маянский Н.А., Куличенко Т.В., Солошенко М.А. Распространенность цитомегаловирусной инфекции среди подростков в Российской Федерации: результаты одномоментного популяционного анализа серопревалентности // Педиатрическая фармакология. 2021. Т. 18, № 6. С. 451–459. 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