Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1784210.15789/2220-7619-TRM-17842REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleTissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells and their role in the immune response to infection and vaccinationТканевые резидентные CD8+ Т-клетки иммунологической памяти и их роль в иммунном ответе на инфекцию и вакцинациюTalayevVladimir Y.ТалаевВладимир Юрьевич
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией клеточной иммунологии

talaev@inbox.ruBabaykinaOlga N.БабайкинаОльга Николаевна
Russian Federation

PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии

olga_babaykina@inbox.ruSvetlovaMaria V.СветловаМария Владимировна
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии

marya.talaeva@yandex.ruZaichenkoIrina Y.ЗаиченкоИрина Евгеньевна
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии

imm.irina@mail.ruKurkovaElena V.КурковаЕлена Викторовна
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Cellular Immunology

к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии

el2v@mail.ruAcademician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human WellbeingФБУН Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора06062025150920251534154302612202418052025Copyright ©; 2025, Talayev V.Y., Babaykina O.N., Svetlova M.V., Zaichenko I.Y., Kurkova E.V.Copyright ©; 2025, Талаев В.Ю., Бабайкина О.Н., Светлова М.В., Заиченко И.Е., Куркова Е.В.2025Talayev V.Y., Babaykina O.N., Svetlova M.V., Zaichenko I.Y., Kurkova E.V.Талаев В.Ю., Бабайкина О.Н., Светлова М.В., Заиченко И.Е., Куркова Е.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17842

A variety of body tissues contain tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells — long-lived multifunctional effector cells formed during the immune response to infection, which populate previously infected tissue long term. The localization of these cells is determined due to expression of a set of adhesive molecules that hold the cell in a specific tissue microenvironment, as well as the lack of molecules involved in exiting into the blood and lymphatic vessels. The program for establishing such cell phenotype can apparently be launched at various stages of T cell maturation during the immune response. Resident memory CD8+ T cells protect tissues from viruses and other intracellular parasites, kill transformed cells, and in some cases participate in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. The accumulation of resident memory T cells can be induced by vaccination, and targeting these cells by vaccines, along with triggering a protective humoral response, appears desirable for the prevention of many intracellular infections. At the site of pathogen entry, resident memory CD8+ T cells can provide tissue protection quicker than circulating T cells, which is essential for preventing rapidly evolving viral infections. Localization of memory CD8+ T cells in tissues allows the pool of these cells to be increased without obvious restrictions. Accordingly, it is possible to carry out a large number of different vaccinations to stimulate these cells without losing the vaccines effectiveness. Finally, not all pathogens antigenic epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells undergo rapid and systematic changes such as the surface B-cell epitopes of the same pathogens. Additional recruitment of resident memory CD8+ T cells in response to a vaccine may ensure greater coverage of pathogen variants and contribute to developing heterosubtypic immunity. The review presents data on resident memory CD8+ T cells in various tissues, their participation in the immune response to infections and vaccinations, as well as molecules that control their localization.

Различные ткани организма содержат тканевые резидентные CD8+ Т-клетки иммунологической памяти — долгоживущие полифункциональные эффекторные клетки, которые образуются в ходе иммунного ответа на инфекцию и на длительное время заселяют ранее инфицированную ткань. Локализацию этих клеток определяет экспрессия набора адгезивных молекул, удерживающих клетку в определенном тканевом микроокружении, а также недостаток молекул, участвующих в выходе клеток в кровеносные и лимфатические сосуды. Программа, формирующая такой специфический фенотип, по-видимому, может быть запущена на разных стадиях созревания Т-лимфоцитов в ходе иммунного ответа. Резидентные CD8+ Т-клетки памяти защищают ткани от вирусов и других внутриклеточных паразитов, убивают трансформированные клетки, а в некоторых случаях участвуют в патогенезе иммуноопосредованных воспалительных заболеваний. Накопление резидентных Т-клеток памяти может быть индуцировано вакцинацией, и «нацеливание» вакцин на эти клетки, в дополнение к запуску протективного гуморального ответа, представляется желательным для предотвращения многих инфекций с внутриклеточной локализацией возбудителя. Резидентные CD8+ Т-клетки памяти в месте внедрения патогена могут быстрее, чем циркулирующие Т-клетки обеспечить защиту ткани, что важно для предотвращения быстро развивающихся вирусных инфекций. Размещение CD8+ Т-клеток памяти в тканях позволяет увеличивать пул этих клеток без явных ограничений, а значит, можно без потери эффективности увеличивать количество вакцинаций, стимулирующих эти клетки. Наконец, далеко не все антигенные эпитопы возбудителей, которые распознаются CD8+ T-клетками, подвергаются столь быстрым и систематическим изменениям, как поверхностные В-клеточные эпитопы тех же патогенов. Дополнительное вовлечение в ответ на вакцину резидентных CD8+ Т-клеток памяти может дать большую широту охвата вариантов патогена и способствовать развитию гетеросубтипического иммунитета. В обзоре приведены данные о резидентных CD8+ Т-клетках памяти различных тканей, их участии в иммунном ответе на инфекции и вакцинации, а также о молекулах, управляющих их локализацией.

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