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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17837</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-TIO-17837</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The incidence of BK virus infection in patients with dysfunction of kidney transplant</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Заболеваемость ВК-вирусной инфекцией у пациентов с дисфункцией трансплантата почки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samadi</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самади</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры внутренней медицины (нефрология), медицинский факультет</p></bio><email>jalambadaniz@mums.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azhdary Moghaddam</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аждари Могаддам</surname><given-names>Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty Member</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, Студенческий исследовательский комитет, Медицинский факультет, преподаватель</p></bio><email>jalambadaniz@medsab.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeraati</surname><given-names>Ab. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зераати</surname><given-names>Аб. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор нефрологии, Исследовательский центр осложнений трансплантации почки</p></bio><email>jalambadaniz@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatibi</surname><given-names>S. A. Ak.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатиби</surname><given-names>С. А. Ак.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, Студенческий исследовательский комитет, Медицинский факультет</p></bio><email>jalambadaniz@nums.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeraati</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зераати</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>General Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-терапевт</p></bio><email>jhg@gmaail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ravanshad</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раваншад</surname><given-names>Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor of Community Medicine, Department of Community Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры общественной медицины</p></bio><email>lhhg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jalambadani</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джаламбадани</surname><given-names>З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assistant Professor of Health Education and Promotion, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры общественной медицины (санитарное просвещение и пропаганда здорового образа жизни), Медицинский факультет, доцент кафедры санитарного просвещения и пропаганды здорового образа жизни, Исследовательский центр неинфекционных заболеваний</p></bio><email>jalambadaniz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сабзеварский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mashhad University of Medical sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Мешхедский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Zahedan University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Захеданский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Исламский университет медицинских наук Азад, Мешхедский филиал</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>551</fpage><lpage>558</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Samadi K., Azhdary Moghaddam Y., Zeraati A., Khatibi S., Zeraati T., Ravanshad Y., Jalambadani Z.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Самади K., Аждари Могаддам Е., Зераати А., Хатиби С., Зераати Т., Раваншад Я., Джаламбадани З.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samadi K., Azhdary Moghaddam Y., Zeraati A., Khatibi S., Zeraati T., Ravanshad Y., Jalambadani Z.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самади K., Аждари Могаддам Е., Зераати А., Хатиби С., Зераати Т., Раваншад Я., Джаламбадани З.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17837">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17837</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BK virus-induced nephropathy is an important cause of renal dysfunction, leading to the loss of transplanted kidneys in up to 50% of cases. This study aimed to appraise the incidence of BKV infection among patients who have received kidney transplantation in Iran. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, recipients of kidney transplants in Mashhad Montaserieh Hospital with a rise of 25% or higher in serum creatinine after at least one month of transplantation were evaluated. Those with evidence of BKV infection, including positive serum or urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included. Overall, of 471 patients, 135 cases (28.7%) were diagnosed with kidney transplant dysfunction. BKV infection was diagnosed based on positive PCR in 30 patients (22.2%) and BKV nephropathy was present in 11 patients (8.1%). The most common cause of ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) was hypertension (33.3%) and the most common dialysis method was hemodialysis (90%). 10 patients had hematuria or pyuria. In 11 patients with pathological results, the most common finding was interstitial inflammation with tubular cytopathic changes (4 patients, 36.4%). Blood levels of cyclosporine were significantly correlated with the time from transplantation to diagnosis, and tacrolimus level was significantly correlated with creatinine level at diagnosis (p &lt; 0.05). Positive urinalysis was significantly associated with the time from transplantation to the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction in the regression analysis (95%CI: –0.30 to –23.45,p = 0.045). The most important predictor of the occurrence of this disorder in kidney transplant patients was the presence of hematuria and pyuria in urine tests. Moreover, the frequency of BK infection was significantly higher in men than in women, while no significant difference was observed between men and women in the control group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нефропатия, вызванная BK-вирусом, является важной причиной почечной дисфункции, приводящей к потере трансплантированных почек в 50% случаев. Целью данного исследования была оценка частоты заражения BK-вирусом среди пациентов после трансплантации почек в Иране. В настоящем ретроспективном поперечном исследовании реципиенты трансплантатов почек с повышением уровня креатинина сыворотки на 25% или выше по истечении как минимум одного месяца трансплантации были обследованы в больнице Мешхед Монтасериех. Были включены лица с признаками заражения BK-вирусом, в том числе имеющих положительный результат обследования сыворотки или мочи методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). В целом у 135 из 471 пациента (28,7%) была диагностирована дисфункция трансплантата почки. Инфекция BK-вирусом была диагностирована на основании положительной ПЦР у 30 пациентов (22,2%), а нефропатия, вызванная BK-вирусом, обнаружена у 11 пациентов (8,1%). Наиболее частой причиной терминальной стадии хронической почечной недостаточности (ТХПН) была гипертония (33,3%), а наиболее распространенным методом диализа был гемодиализ (90%). У 10 пациентов отмечена гематурия или пиурия. У 11 пациентов с патологическими проявлениями наиболее частой обнаружено интерстициальное воспаление с тубулярными цитопатическими изменениями (4 пациента, 36,4%). Уровень циклоспорина в крови достоверно коррелировал со сроками от проведения трансплантации до постановки диагноза, а уровень такролимуса значительно коррелировал с уровнем креатинина при постановке диагноза (p &lt; 0,05). Положительная проба на BK-вирус в моче была достоверно ассоциирована со сроками от проведения трансплантации до постановки диагноза дисфункции почек с применением регрессионного анализа (95% ДИ: от –0,30 до –23,45, p = 0,045). Наиболее важным предиктором возникновения указанного расстройства у пациентов после трансплантации почки было наличие гематурии и пиурии в анализах мочи. Более того, частота заражения BK-вирусом была достоверно выше у мужчин, чем у женщин, тогда как в контрольной группе подобных межполовых различий не наблюдалось.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BKV infection</kwd><kwd>renal failure</kwd><kwd>transplant rejection</kwd><kwd>transplanted kidney</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>BK-вирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>отторжение трансплантата</kwd><kwd>пересаженная почка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ahlenstiel-Grunow T., Pape L. Diagnostics, treatment, and immune response in BK polyomavirus infection after pediatric kidney transplantation. Pediatr. Nephrol., 2020, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 417–428. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-4164-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Avcı B., Baskın E., Gülleroğlu K., Ecevit Z., Soy E.A., Moray G., Haberal M. 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