Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1780510.15789/2220-7619-PCA-17805ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticlePhylogenetic characteristics and analysis of the antigenic epitopes of Russian rotaviruses in comparison with vaccine strainsФилогенетическая характеристика и анализ антигенных эпитопов российских ротавирусов в сравнении с вакцинными штаммамиSashinaT. A.СашинаТ. А.
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections

к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций

tatyana.sashina@gmail.comMorozovaO. V.МорозоваО. В.
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections

к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций

tatyana.sashina@gmail.comVelikzhaninaE. I.ВеликжанинаЕ. И.
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций

tatyana.sashina@gmail.comEpifanovaN. V.ЕпифановаН. В.
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections

к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций

tatyana.sashina@gmail.comNovikovaN. A.НовиковаН. А.
Russian Federation

DSc (Biology), Professor, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Viral Infections, Head of the Laboratory

д.б.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии вирусных инфекций

tatyana.sashina@gmail.comAcademician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyФБУН Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора16012025080720251522582700211202424122024Copyright ©; 2025, Sashina Т.А., Morozova О.V., Velikzhanina Е.I., Epifanova N.V., Novikova N.А.Copyright ©; 2025, Сашина Т.А., Морозова О.В., Великжанина Е.И., Епифанова Н.В., Новикова Н.А.2025Sashina Т.А., Morozova О.V., Velikzhanina Е.I., Epifanova N.V., Novikova N.А.Сашина Т.А., Морозова О.В., Великжанина Е.И., Епифанова Н.В., Новикова Н.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17805

Accumulation of mutations in the amino acid sequence of immunologically significant regions of the outer capsid proteins in locally circulating rotaviruses may reduce the effectiveness of vaccine-generated protection. The aim of the work was to comparatively analyze Russian rotaviruses and strains of the Indian pentavalent vaccine approved for use in the Russian Federation in 2020.

Materials and methods. There were used 38 rotavirus-positive samples derived from children with acute intestinal infection identified in 2022–2023. cDNA fragments of the VP7 gene 877 bp long were sequenced by two strands using “Nanofor 05” device. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using BEAST software package. The final sample included 161 VP7 gene sequences of RVA isolates from three Russian cities (Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Novosibirsk), other countries, and vaccine strains.

Results. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, Russian rotaviruses were found to belong to 13 lineages and/or sublineages (G1-I-A, G1-II-C, G2-IVa-1, G2-IV-3, G3-I, G3-3-а, G3-3-е, G4-I-с, G6-I, G8-IV, G9-III-d, G9-VI-е, G12-III). Vaccine strains (D, WI79-9, A41CB052A, DS-1, SC2–9, P, WI78-8, ST3, BrB-9, WI79-4, AU-32, 116E) were grouped separately in each case (G1-III, G1-II-A, G2-I, G2-II, G3-3-d, G4-I-а, G6-IV, G9-I, G9-II). Comparative analysis in the regions of antigenic epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies showed 3 to 6 amino acid differences between Russian and homotypic vaccine strains. The highest number was observed in isolates of sublineages G1-I-A, G2-IVa-1 and lineage G3-I. In the regions of T-cell epitopes, 1 to 4 substitutions were found. The greatest number of differences had rotaviruses of the G3-I lineage and the G4-I-c sublineage.

Conclusion. For the G3P[8] variant of the G3-I lineage, which is widespread in Russia, 6 substitutions in neutralizing epitopes and 4 substitutions in T-cell epitopes were found in comparison with homotypic vaccine strains. The study results are important for understanding a potential impact of vaccines on the antigenic structure of the rotavirus population in Russia.

Накопление мутаций в аминокислотной последовательности иммунологически значимых регионов белков наружного капсида у локально циркулирующих ротавирусов может привести к снижению эффективности защиты, сформированной вакциной. Цель работы — сравнительный анализ российских ротавирусов и штаммов индийской пентавалентной вакцины, одобренной для применения в РФ в 2020 г.

Материалы и методы. Использовали 38 ротавирус-положительных образцов от детей с острой кишечной инфекцией, выявленных в 2022—2023 гг. Фрагменты кДНК гена VP7 длиной 877 п.н. секвенировали по двум цепям на приборе «Нанофор 05». Филогенетический анализ проводили в пакете программ BEAST. В итоговую выборку вошла 161 последовательность гена VP7 изолятов РВА из трех городов России (Нижний Новгород, Москва, Новосибирск), других стран и штаммов вакцин.

Результаты. Установлена принадлежность российских ротавирусов к 13 линиям и/или сублиниям (G1-I-A, G1-II-C, G2-IVa-1, G2-IV-3, G3-I, G3-3-а, G3-3-е, G4-I-с, G6-I, G8-IV, G9-III-d, G9-VI-е, G12-III). Вакцинные штаммы (D, WI79-9, A41CB052A, DS-1, SC2–9, P, WI78-8, ST3, BrB-9, WI79-4, AU-32, 116E) в каждом случае группировались обособленно (G1-III, G1-II-A, G2-I, G2-II, G3-3-d, G4-I-а, G6-IV, G9-I, G9-II). Сравнительный анализ в области антигенных эпитопов, к которым формируются нейтрализующие антитела, показал от 3 до 6 аминокислотных различий между российскими и гомотипичными им вакцинными штаммами. Наибольшее количество отмечено у изолятов сублиний G1-I-A, G2-IVa-1 и линии G3-I. В области Т-клеточных эпитопов обнаружено от 1 до 4 замен. Наибольшее число различий имели ротавирусы линии G3-I и сублинии G4-I-с.

Выводы. Для широко распространенного на территории России варианта генотипа G3P[8] линии G3-I выявлено 6 замен в нейтрализующих и 4 замены в Т-клеточных эпитопах в сравнении с гомотипичными вакцинными штаммами. Результаты работы имеют значение для понимания потенциального воздействия вакцин на антигенную структуру популяции ротавирусов в России.

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