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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1772</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ROT-1772</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> in thyroiditis in pregnant women</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> при тиреоидите беременных женщин</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valizadeh</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вализаде</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master of Science in Medical Parasitology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр медицинской паразитологии</p></bio><email>nimavalizadeh@ymail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamseh</surname><given-names>M.-E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамсе</surname><given-names>М.-Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Endocrinology Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор эндокринологии</p></bio><email>khamseh.m@iums.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashaniyan</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашаниян</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gynaecology Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор гинекологии</p></bio><email>rahelehsd@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rafiei-Sefiddashti</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рафии-Сефиддашти</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><email>rafiei.r@iums.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hadighi</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хадиги</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><email>hadighi.r@iums.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-11-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>947</fpage><lpage>952</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Valizadeh G., Khamseh M., Kashaniyan M., Rafiei-Sefiddashti R., Hadighi R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Вализаде Г., Хамсе М., Кашаниян М., Рафии-Сефиддашти Р., Хадиги Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Valizadeh G., Khamseh M., Kashaniyan M., Rafiei-Sefiddashti R., Hadighi R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вализаде Г., Хамсе М., Кашаниян М., Рафии-Сефиддашти Р., Хадиги Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1772">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1772</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Toxoplasmosis (acute and latent) is the most prevalent parasitic infection worldwide and can be associated with some problems in pregnant women. Thyroid diseases are the most common endocrine disorders secondary to diabetes among pregnant women. Previous studies proposed a relationship between latent еoxoplasmosis (LT) and autoimmune thyroiditis diseases (AITDs). This study intended to investigate the frequency and correlation between toxoplasmosis and AITD in pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, the statistical population included 1248 pregnant women at the gestational age of 9–16 weeks and in Tehran. The Toxoplasma IgM and IgG tests were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic criteria for toxoplasmosis were abnormal IgG and IgM titers. In addition, FT<sub>4</sub>, TPO Ab, and TSH were evaluated using enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA). TPO Ab was used to distinguish thyroid patients with autoimmune origin from those with other thyroiditis diseases. The analysis showed no significant relationship between keeping a house cat and acute toxoplasmosis. Acute and latent toxoplasmosis represented 3.4% and 29.6%, respectively. The frequency of thyroid diseases was 18.8% (hypothyroidism 15.8% versus hyperthyroidism 3%). The frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis diseases (AITDs) was 5.5%, and 27.9% of subjects with latent toxoplasmosis (LT) had a thyroiditis disease, but 13.8% of pregnant women with LT had only AITD with a significant correlation (p &lt; 0.001). Results show that Toxoplasma IgG+ can increase the risk of AITD by 10.39-fold and a higher TPO Ab titer in people with LT. It seems <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> may cause thyroiditis in pregnant women likely because antigenic similarity of Toxoplasma and thyroperoxidase leads to cross-reactivity in the immune system, potentially causing AITD. It might be said that the high prevalence of LT among pregnant women may have a potential role in the stimulation of the immune system to the development of autoimmune diseases, such as AITD. So future studies could be conducted with a focus on discovering molecular similarities between thyroperoxidase and Toxoplasma antigens.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Токсоплазмоз (острый и латентный) является наиболее распространенной паразитарной инфекцией во всем мире и может быть связан с некоторыми проблемами у беременных. Заболевания щитовидной железы являются наиболее частыми эндокринными нарушениями, вторичными по отношению к сахарному диабету, среди беременных женщин. Предыдущие исследования предполагали связь между латентным токсоплазмозом (ЛТ) и аутоиммунным тиреоидитом (АИТ). Целью данного исследования было изучить частоту и взаимосвязь токсоплазмоза с АИТ у беременных. В настоящем перекрестном исследовании статистическая популяция включала 1248 беременных женщин в гестационном возрасте 9–16 недель в Тегеране. Тесты на выявление IgM и IgG тел против <italic>Toxoplasma</italic> оценивали с помощью твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа (ELISA). Критериями диагностики токсоплазмоза были аномальные титры IgG и IgM. Кроме того, FT<sub>4</sub>, антитела к ТПО и ТТГ оценивали с помощью иммуноферментного флуоресцентного анализа (ELFA). Антитела к ТПО использовали для того, чтобы отличить пациентов с аутоиммунным заболеванием щитовидной железы от пациентов с другими формами тиреоидита. Анализ не обнаружил достоверной связи между содержанием домашней кошки и острым токсоплазмозом. У 3,4 и 29,6% женщин был острый и латентный токсоплазмоз, частота заболеваний щитовидной железы составила 18,8% (гипотиреоз — 15,8%, гипертиреоз — 3%). Частота заболеваний аутоиммунным тиреоидитом (АИТ) составила 5,5%, причем у 27,9% пациенток с латентным токсоплазмозом (ЛТ) обнаружен тиреоидит, а у 13,8% беременных с ЛТ имелось только АИТ с достоверной корреляцией (р &lt; 0,001). Результаты показывают, что наличие Toxoplasma IgG+ может увеличить риск АИТ в 10,39 раза и обуславливать более высокий титр антител к ТРО у людей с ТП. По-видимому, <italic>Toxoplasma</italic> <italic>gondii</italic> может вызывать тиреоидит у беременных женщин, поскольку, вероятно, антигенное сходство токсоплазмы и тиреопероксидазы приводит к перекрестной реактивности иммунной системы и может вызывать АИТ. Можно сказать, что высокая распространенность ТП среди беременных может играть потенциальную роль в стимуляции иммунной системы к развитию аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких как АИТ. Таким образом, будущие исследования могут быть проведены с акцентом на обнаружение молекулярного сходства между тиреопероксидазой и антигенами токсоплазмы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>latent toxoplasmosis</kwd><kwd>acute toxoplasmosis</kwd><kwd>autoimmune thyroiditis disease</kwd><kwd>hypothyroidism</kwd><kwd>hyperthyroidism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>латентный токсоплазмоз</kwd><kwd>острый токсоплазмоз</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунный тиреоидит</kwd><kwd>гипотиреоз</kwd><kwd>гипертиреоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Iran University of Medical Sciences</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baker V.L., Rone H.M., Pasta D.J., Nelson H.P., Gvakharia M., Adamson G.D. Correlation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Am. J. Obstet. 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