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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17710</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-AIA-17710</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ASPERGILLOSIS IN ARTIFICIALLY BREEDING BLACK SWANS (CYGNUS ATRATUS) IN DPR KOREA AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSE FUNGUS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>АСПЕРГИЛЛЕЗ ПРИ ИСКУССТВЕННОМ РАЗВЕДЕНИИ ЧЕРНЫХ ЛЕБЕДЕЙ (CYGNUS ATRATUS) В ДНР КОРЕЯ И ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ПРИЧИННОГО ВИДА ГРИБКА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jo</surname><given-names>Jong Hyok</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чо</surname><given-names>Чжон Хёк</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KP">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate professor, researcher, Zoology department, Department of Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор, доцент, научный сотрудник, кафедра зоологии, факультет наук о жизни</p></bio><email>cioc7@ryongnamsan.edu.kp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Mun Gwang</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Мун Гван</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KP">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Microbiology department, Department of Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, кафедра микробиологии, факультет наук о жизни</p></bio><email>cioc8@ryongnamsan.edu.kp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cha</surname><given-names>Kwang Song</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ча</surname><given-names>Кван Сон</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KP">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master of Sciences, researcher, Zoology department, Department of Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр наук, научный сотрудник, отдел зоологии, факультет наук о жизни</p></bio><email>cioc9@ryongnamsan.edu.kp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yun</surname><given-names>Kum Song</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юн</surname><given-names>Кум Сон</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KP">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor, Associate professor, researcher, Zoology department, Department of Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор, доцент, научный сотрудник кафедры зоологии факультета естественных наук </p></bio><email>ks.yun1029@ryongnamsan.edu.kp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Yu Sin</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Ю Син</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KP">Korea, Democratic People's Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor, Professor, researcher, Microbiology department, Department of Life Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор, профессор, научный сотрудник, отдел микробиологии, факультет Науки о жизни</p></bio><email>cioc10@ryongnamsan.edu.kp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kim Il Sung University, Taesong District, Pyongyang, DPR Korea.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Ким Ир Сена, район Тэсон, Пхеньян, КНДР.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ким Университет Иль Сен, Пхеньян, КНДР</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университета Ким Ир Сена, Пхеньян, КНДР Корея</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, DPR Korea</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Ким Ир Сена, Пхеньян, КДНР</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-16"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-27"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Jo J., Kim M., Cha K., Yun K., Kim Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Jo J., Kim M., Cha K., Yun K., Kim Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jo J., Kim M., Cha K., Yun K., Kim Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Jo J., Kim M., Cha K., Yun K., Kim Y.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17710">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17710</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Black swans (<italic>Cygnus atratus</italic> (Latham) 1790), which was native in Australia, were distributed all over the world and artificially reared. Aspergillosis is non-contagious fungal disease infected in some poultries and wild birds and the important agent are some of <italic>Aspergillus</italic> species.</p> <p>Infection by Aspergillus species results in respiratory disease in poultry and wild birds. The disease is generally caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. This study was proceeded to document the clinical signs and lesions of Aspergillosis in artificially breeding black swan in DPR Korea, isolate and identify the causative fungi from lesions. Black swans at Swan Breeding Center in Taedong County, South Pyongan Province, DPR Korea were investigated. The infected swans died suddenly after two or three days when they lost appetite and had symptoms of dyspnea, sudden retraction or deformity of their neck and abnormal walking. The infected black swans had white fecal diarrhea. The fungal hyphae were also observed in the eyes.</p> <p>Here, we confirmed the clinical cases of Aspergillosis in artificially breeding black swans in DPR Korea and A. flavus was isolated in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and identified morphologically from fungi cultivated in Malt Extract Agar (MEA), Czapek Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CZ). The morphological characteristics like colony colors were similar with the findings of who isolated <italic>Aspergillus flavus</italic> from maize and soil in Kenya. The microscopic characteristics of fungus isolated from aspergillosis lesions in Black swans were investigated. The morphologically identified fungus was confirmed as A. <italic>flavus </italic>by sequencing of PCR product of 600bp fragment with primers ITS1/ITS4 and Blast analysis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Черные лебеди (Cygnus atratus (Latham) 1790), обитающие в Австралии, получили распространение по всему миру и выращиваются искусственно. Аспергиллез — это незаразное грибковое заболевание, отмечаемого у некоторых домашних и диких птиц, вызываемого разными видами грибков Aspergillus.</p> <p>Заражение видами Aspergillus приводит к респираторным заболеваниям у домашних и диких птиц, чаще обусловленного Aspergillus fumigatus и Aspergillus flavus. Настоящее исследование было проведено для документирования клинических признаков и поражений аспергиллеза у искусственно разведенных черных лебедей в КНДР, выделения и идентификации возбудителей. Черные лебеди были обследованы в Центре разведения лебедей в уезде Тэдон, провинции Южный Пхёнан, КНДР. Зараженные лебеди внезапно умерли через два или три дня, при потере аппетита, наличии симптомов одышки, внезапного втягивания или деформации шеи и атипичной походки, белой диареи. Грибковые гифы также отмечены в области глазах.</p> <p>В настоящей работе были подтвердили клинические случаи аспергиллеза у искусственно выведенных черных лебедей в КНДР, от которых был выделен A. flavus на картофельно-декстрозном агаре (PDA) и идентифицирован морфологически из грибов, культивируемых в агаре с экстрактом солода (MEA), агаре с экстрактом дрожжей Чапека (CYA) и агаре Чапека-Докса (CZ). Морфологические характеристики, такие как цвет колоний, были схожи с данными, полученными исследователями, изолировавшими Aspergillus flavus из кукурузы и почвы в Кении. Были исследованы микроскопические характеристики Aspergillus flavus, выделенного из патологического материала у черных лебедей. Морфологически идентифицированный возбудитель был верифицирован как A. flavus путем секвенирования продукта ПЦР фрагмента 600 п.н. с праймерами ITS1/ITS4 и Blast анализа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>black swan</kwd><kwd>Cygnus atratus</kwd><kwd>Aspergillosis</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus flavus</kwd><kwd>respiratory disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черный лебедь</kwd><kwd>Cygnus atratus</kwd><kwd>аспергиллез</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus flavus</kwd><kwd>респираторное заболевание.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alley, M.R., Castro, I., Hunter, J.E., N. Z. Vet. J., 1999, 47, pp. 88–91.	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