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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17687</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-CPO-17687</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current perspectives of virotherapy as a cancer treatment strategy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные перспективы виротерапии как стратегии лечения онкологических заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Lyubov D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Любовь Денисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student of Institute of Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка Института профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>ldv555555@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Самарский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1063</fpage><lpage>1069</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-07"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Vlasova L.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Власова Л.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vlasova L.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Власова Л.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17687">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17687</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of scientific literature presented in the main databases (PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Scopus) evidence that after cardiovascular diseases malignant tumors hold the second place among the most common causes of mortality in both developed and developing countries, with therapy of oncological diseases requiring to seek out for new approaches, since many types of malignant tumors are resistant to traditional treatment methods. The review was aimed at assessing a potential of virotherapy application for treatment of oncologic diseases in modern conditions. The review evaluates one of treatment methods for oncologic diseases based on using oncolytic viruses, including 9 families <italic>(Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Reoviridae, Poxviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae)</italic> — a virotherapy, and briefly outlines its development, including Russia. The described mechanisms of action for oncolytic viruses are divided into two groups: i) recognition by oncolytic viruses of specific receptors on tumor cells, their infection and destruction via autophagy, necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis or blast pathway; ii) activation of antitumor immunity. Molecular basement of oncolytic virus action is discussed including types of virotherapy application, opportunity to combine oncolytic virus therapy with other means of oncologic diseases treatment. Some drugs based on such approaches are described, particularly talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) that was approved in 2015 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Clinical trials with oncolytic virus-based drugs and their results are presented. It is concluded that virotherapy is a promising direction in treatment of oncologic diseases, which has a number of advantages over traditional methods of treatment, but at the same time has a number of disadvantages and requires further investigation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анализ научной литературы, представленной в основных базах данных (PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Scopus), свидетельствует о том, что злокачественные опухоли занимают второе место среди самых распространенных причин смертности как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах, уступая сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям, и терапия онкологических заболеваний требует поиска новых подходов, поскольку многие виды злокачественных опухолей устойчивы к традиционным методам лечения. Цель обзора — оценка возможностей применения виротерапии для лечения онкологических заболеваний в современных условиях. В обзоре рассматривается одна из методик лечения онкологических заболеваний с использованием онколитических вирусов, включающих в себя 9 семейств <italic>(Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Reoviridae, Poxviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Rhabdoviridae)</italic>, — виротерапия, приводится краткая история ее развития, в том числе в России. Описанные механизмы действия онколитических вирусов поделены на две группы. Первая группа характеризуется распознаванием онколитическими вирусами специфических рецепторов опухолевых клеток, их инфицированием и разрушением за счет аутофагии, некроза, апоптоза, пироптоза или взрывного пути. Вторая группа направлена на активацию противоопухолевого иммунитета. Рассматриваются молекулярные основы действия онколитических вирусов, а также варианты применения виротерапии, возможности сочетания терапии онколитическими вирусами с другими способами лечения онкологических заболеваний. Описаны некоторые лекарственные препараты на их основе, в частности талимоген лагерпарепвек (Talimogene laherparepvec, TVEC), применение которого было одобрено в 2015 г. Управлением по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов США (Food and Drug Administration, FDA). Приводятся клинические испытания препаратов на основе онколитических вирусов и их результаты. Сделан вывод о том, что виротерапия — перспективное направление в лечении онкологических заболеваний, обладающее рядом преимуществ по сравнению с традиционными методами лечения, но в то же время имеющее ряд недостатков и требующее дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>virotherapy</kwd><kwd>tumor cells</kwd><kwd>oncological diseases</kwd><kwd>oncolytic viruses</kwd><kwd>drugs based on oncolytic viruses</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виротерапия</kwd><kwd>опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>онкологические заболевания</kwd><kwd>онколитические вирусы</kwd><kwd>препараты на основе онколитических вирусов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Васильева Н.С., Агеенко А.Б., Рихтер В.А., Кулигина Е.В. Сигнальные пути, определяющие эффективность терапии глиобластомы вирусом осповакцины // Acta Naturae. 2022. Т. 14, № 2. С. 62–69. 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