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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17668</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-HPP-17668</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HIV protein profile characteristics in patients with first-time detected infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Характеристика белкового профиля ВИЧ у пациентов с впервые выявленной инфекцией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыденко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection, PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции, аспирант</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yuliia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Immunology and Virology HIV-Infection; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schemelev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щемелев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Laboratory of Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Totolian</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотолян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>RAS Full Member, DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Mollecular Immunology, Director; Head of the Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией молекулярной иммунологии, директор; зав. кафедрой иммунологии</p></bio><email>shenna1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>795</fpage><lpage>808</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Davydenko V.S., Ostankova Y.V., Schemelev A.N., Serikova E.N., Totolian A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Давыденко В.С., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Серикова Е.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydenko V.S., Ostankova Y.V., Schemelev A.N., Serikova E.N., Totolian A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыденко В.С., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Серикова Е.Н., Тотолян А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17668">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17668</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The HIV-infection continues to be one of the most large-scale epidemics worldwide. Many techniques have been developed to detect this disease, but the Western blot based on the identification of specific viral proteins remains the most commonly used method that allows to monitor ongoing viral processes. Despite discussions regarding the criteria for a positive test assessment and selection of a minimum number of viral proteins to reliably interpret the data, a very few studies on the protein profiles in HIV-infected patients, particularly in the Russian Federation are available. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HIV viral proteins in a group of people with newly diagnosed infections analyzing 2566 blood samples from individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection for reference testing. The samples were assessed using ELISA and IHL techniques, followed by western blotting. Subsequently, the following viral proteins were analyzed to assess HIV life cycle and the predominance of its different stages: gp160, gp120, gp41, p55, p40, p24, p17, p66, p51, and p31. For comparison, gp110/120 was chosen as the reference protein due to its lowest prevalence frequency among all <italic>env</italic> gene products comprising 96.06%. A significantly reduced prevalence frequency was found for several protein groups: GAG — p55 (80.91%), p40 (72.14%), nucleocapsid p18/17 (67.37%); POL proteins — p68/66 (89.57%), p52/51 (81.91%), p34/31 (86.02%). Significant differences in frequency of viral proteins between age and sex groups are shown. Hypotheses explaining the obtained data are presented. By aligning anti-viral protein antibody profile with the course of the infection and patient’s condition, it will be possible to identify patterns and take necessary measures for early diagnostics with extended results, such as duration of the infection, viral load, and disease severity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Эпидемия ВИЧ-инфекции остается одной из крупнейших в мире. Для диагностики данного заболевания разработан большой ряд методик, однако наиболее распространенным методом остается Вестерн-блот. Данный метод, основанный на определении специфических вирусных белков, позволяет оценить протекающие вирусные процессы. Несмотря на дискуссии относительно критериев положительного результата и выбора минимального набора вирусных белков для достоверной интерпретации полученных результатов, количество исследований белковых профилей ВИЧ-пациентов различных групп остается недостаточным, особенно в контексте Российской Федерации. Цель работы заключалась в оценке частот встречаемости вирусных белков ВИЧ у группы пациентов с впервые выявленной инфекцией. Материалом служили 2566 образцов сыворотки крови, поступивших от лиц с впервые выявленной инфекцией, для референсного анализа на ВИЧ. Осуществляли анализ методами ИФА и ИХЛА с последующим иммуноблоттингом. В дальнейшем для оценки жизненного цикла вируса и преобладания его отдельных стадий анализировали следующие вирусные белки: gp160, gp120, gp41, p55, p40, р24, p17, p66, p51, p31. Референсным белком для сравнения был выбран gp110/120 в связи с наименьшей частотой встречаемости среди группы продуктов гена <italic>env</italic> — 96,06%. Обнаружена достоверно сниженная частота встречаемости следующих белков различных групп: группы GAG — p55 (80,91%), p40 (72,14%), нуклеокапсида p18/17 (67,37%); группы POL — p68/66 (89,57%), p52/51 (81,91%), p34/31 (86,02%). Показаны достоверные отличия частот вирусных белков между возрастными группами, в том числе в зависимости от пола. Представлены гипотезы, интерпретирующие полученные данные. Сопоставление профиля антител к вирусным белкам с течением инфекционного процесса и состоянием пациента позволит обнаружить закономерности и принимать необходимые меры по оперативной диагностике с расширенными результатами, такими как срок инфицирования, вирусная нагрузка и тяжесть течения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>Western blot</kwd><kwd>protein profile</kwd><kwd>profile frequencies</kwd><kwd>env</kwd><kwd>pol</kwd><kwd>gag</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>вестерн-блот</kwd><kwd>белковый профиль</kwd><kwd>частоты встречаемости профиля</kwd><kwd>env</kwd><kwd>pol</kwd><kwd>gag</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ануфриева Е.В., Серикова Е.Н., Останкова Ю.В., Щемелев А.Н., Давыденко В.С., Рейнгардт Д.Э., Зуева Е.Б., Тотолян А.А. 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