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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17643</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-APS-17643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A preliminary study: firstly optimisation of the <italic>in vitro</italic> biofilm formation method in <italic>Trichosporon asahii</italic> strains isolated from patients in TÜrkiye</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предварительное исследование: первичная оптимизация метода формирования биопленки <italic>in vitro</italic> у штамма <italic>Trichosporon asahii</italic>, выделенного от пациентов в Турции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinem</surname><given-names>Ayaz</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синем</surname><given-names>Аяз</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; PhD, Institute of Graduate Studies, Department of Medical Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, Кафедра медицинской микробиологии, Медицинский факультет; PhD, Кафедра медицинской микробиологии, Институт последипломного образования</p></bio><email>sinemayaz@halic.edu.tr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevgi</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севги</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор наук, кафедра медицинской микробиологии, медицинский факультет Джеррахпаша</p></bio><email>sinemayaz@halic.edu.tr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Haliç University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Халич</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Istanbul University — Cerrahpaşa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Стамбульский университет — Джеррахпаша</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>161</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-24"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Sinem A., Sevgi E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Синем А., Севги Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sinem A., Sevgi E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Синем А., Севги Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17643">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17643</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Trichosporon asahii</italic>, a fungus found in nature and human microbiota, has recently emerged as the most common cause of disseminated and deep-seated trichosporonosis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Biofilm formation, one of the important virulence factors of <italic>T. asahii</italic>, facilitates its colonisation and proliferation, providing the fungus with antifungal and environmental stress’s resistance. In this study, we aimed to develop a reproducible <italic>T. asahii</italic> biofilm model for our future research by optimising the inoculum concentration, adhesion-time, biofilm maturation-time, static and shaking parameters. <italic>Materials and methods.</italic> We included two clinical isolates obtained from urine samples and a reference strain in the study. For each strain, we applied 36 different experimental parameters, including, 10<sup>5</sup>, 10<sup>6</sup> and 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/mL inoculum consentrations, 60-, 90-, and 120-minutes adhesion-times, 48- and 72-hours maturation-times, and static versus shaking. We determined the biofilm formation of fungus using the most commonly used crystal violet method. We determined standard deviation values with three replicates within each experiment, and we compared all the graphs obtained by repeating these experiments twice. <italic>Results.</italic> After applying 36 different experimental parameter combinations, we determined the most optimised and reproducible parameters as 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/mL inoculum concentration, 120-minute adhesion-time, 72-hour maturation-time and static. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> In optimisation studies conducted worldwide on this subject, it has been reported that biofilms formation varies in terms of quantity and duration across different countries, but there isn’t any optimisation study in Turkey. We believe that the optimisation conditions we have firstly identified in our country will shed light on our future research and other studies to be conducted in the future.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Trichosporon asahii</italic> — грибок, встречающийся в природе и микробиоте человека, недавно стал наиболее распространенной причиной диссеминированного глубокого трихоспороноза, особенно у пациентов с ослабленным иммунитетом. Образование биопленки, один из важных факторов вирулентности <italic>T. asahii</italic>, облегчает его колонизацию и распространение, обеспечивая грибку устойчивость к противогрибковым препаратам и внешнему стрессу. В настоящем исследовании мы попытались разработать воспроизводимую модель биопленки <italic>T. asahii</italic> для последующих исследований путем оптимизации концентрации инокулята, времени адгезии, времени созревания биопленки, статических параметров и параметров встряхивания. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> В исследование были включены два клинических изолята, полученных из образцов мочи, и эталонный штамм. Для каждого штамма применялись 36 различных экспериментальных параметра, включая концентрации инокулята 10<sup>5</sup>, 10<sup>6</sup> и 10<sup>7</sup> КОЕ/мл, время адгезии 60, 90 и 120 минут, время созревания 48 и 72 часа и статику против встряхивания. Мы определили образование биопленки грибка, используя наиболее часто используемый метод окраски кристаллическим фиолетовым. Были определены значения стандартного отклонения с тремя повторами каждого эксперимента со сравнением всех графиков, полученных при двухкратном повторе проведенных экспериментов. <italic>Результаты.</italic> После применения 36 различных комбинаций экспериментальных параметров были определены наиболее оптимизированные и воспроизводимые из них, такие как концентрация инокулята 10<sup>7</sup> КОЕ/мл, время адгезии 120 минут, время созревания 72 часа и статика. <italic>Заключение.</italic> В исследованиях по оптимизации, описанных в литературе, сообщалось, что образование биопленок различается по количеству и продолжительности в разных зарубежных лабораториях, но в Турции подобных исследований по оптимизации не описано. Мы считаем, что условия оптимизации, которые мы впервые определили в нашей стране, будут востребованы для последующих исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Trichosporon asahii</kwd><kwd>invasive fungal infections</kwd><kwd>biofilm</kwd><kwd>optimization</kwd><kwd>fungi</kwd><kwd>Türkiye</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Trichosporon asahii</kwd><kwd>инвазивные грибковые инфекции</kwd><kwd>биопленка</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>грибы</kwd><kwd>Турция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ayaz S., Çerikçioğlu N., Görçin Karatekir Ş. Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility of Trichosporon asahii strains isolated from the clinical samples in a University Training and Research Hospital in Turkey. Infect. Dis. Clin. 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