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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17623</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-AOT-17623</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of the relationship between Epstein–Barr virus major types and genovariants as well as clinical and laboratory parameters in HIV-infected adults</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка взаимосвязи основных типов и геновариантов вируса Эпштейна–Барр с клинико-лабораторными показателями у ВИЧ-инфицированных взрослых</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>Mariia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Мedicine), Associate Professor of the Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharnov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарнов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhskiy Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>936</fpage><lpage>950</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Popkova M.I., Filatova E.N., Minaeva S.V., Sakharnov N.A., Utkin O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Попкова М.И., Филатова Е.Н., Минаева С.В., Сахарнов Н.А., Уткин О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popkova M.I., Filatova E.N., Minaeva S.V., Sakharnov N.A., Utkin O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попкова М.И., Филатова Е.Н., Минаева С.В., Сахарнов Н.А., Уткин О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17623">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17623</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction.</italic> People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to experience Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and develop EBV-associated diseases. In Russia, the clinical significance of EBV genetic diversity in HIV-infected patients has not been assessed. The aim was to analyze a relationship between the major EBV types and <italic>LMP-1</italic> genovariants with clinical and laboratory parameters in HIV-infected persons. <italic>Materials and methods.</italic> Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected from 138 HIV(+) individuals aged 20–69 years. Association between EBV types, <italic>LMP-1</italic> variants and subvariants with clinical and laboratory parameters (CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte count, HIV and EBV viral load, use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART)), was performed using the principal component analysis method and the Mann–Whitney U test. <italic>Results.</italic> It has been shown that detectable HIV viral load increases in patients with low CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte counts, high EBV viral load, and low or no ART adherence. In general, infection with EBV-2 or the LMP-1 <italic>B95-8</italic> alone resulted in lower EBV and HIV viral loads compared with other variants. Significant EBV-1 LMP-1 subvariants were identified, the biological potential of which was enabled in immunodeficiency state (CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte count ≤ 200 cells/μl). In “naive” patients, EBV-1/LMP-1 <italic>(S309N)</italic>+HIV co-infection occurred with a higher, and EBV-1/LMP-1<italic>(E328Q)</italic>+HIV with the lowest HIV viral load. The highest EBV DNA concentrations were observed with EBV-1/LMP-1<italic>(Q334R)</italic>+HIV. In “experienced” patients, the level of EBV DNA was significantly lower when infected with EBV-1/LMP-1<italic>(E328Q)</italic>+HIV and, conversely, higher in case of detected EBV-1/LMP-1<italic>(H358P)</italic>+HIV. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> The features of clinical and laboratory parameters EBV+HIV co-infection caused by different EBV-1 LMP-1 subvariants (at the level of amino acid substitutions S309N, E328Q, Q334R, H358P) have been identified. It is necessary to study the functional role of such mutations <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic>. In the context of assessing a clinical significance of EBV molecular genetic diversity, it is advisable to conduct larger-scale studies in different territories of Russia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> У людей, живущих с вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), чаще наблюдается реактивация вируса Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) и развитие ВЭБ-ассоциированных заболеваний. В России изучение клинической значимости генетического разнообразия ВЭБ у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов не проводилось. Цель исследования — оценка взаимосвязи основных типов ВЭБ и геновариантов <italic>LMP-1</italic> с клинико-лабораторными показателями у ВИЧ-инфицированных взрослых. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Исследованы лейкоциты крови 138 ВИЧ-инфицированных в возрасте 20–69 лет. Для дифференциальной детекции типов ВЭБ-1 и ВЭБ-2 применялся метод ПЦР. Определение нуклеотидных последовательностей С-концевого фрагмента гена <italic>LMP-1</italic> выполнено методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Биоинформационный анализ данных проводили с помощью программного обеспечения MEGA X. Для поиска взаимосвязи типов ВЭБ, вариантов и субвариантов LMP-1 данного вируса c клинико-лабораторными показателями (количество CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов, вирусная нагрузка ВИЧ, вирусная нагрузка ВЭБ, применение и приверженность антиретровирусной терапии (АРТ)) использован метод главных компонент и U-тест Манна–Уитни. <italic>Результаты.</italic> Показано, что определяемый уровень вирусной нагрузки ВИЧ возрастает у пациентов с низким содержанием CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов, высокой вирусной нагрузкой ВЭБ, низкой приверженностью АРТ или в ее отсутствие. В целом, при инфицировании только ВЭБ-2 или вариантом LMP-1 <italic>В95-8</italic> вирусная нагрузка ВЭБ и ВИЧ была меньше по сравнению с другими вариантами вируса. Выявлены значимые субварианты LMP-1 ВЭБ-1, биологический потенциал которых реализовался в условиях иммунодефицита (количество CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов ≤ 200 клеток/мкл). При этом у «наивных» пациентов коинфекция ВЭБ-1/LMP-1<italic>(S309N)</italic>+ВИЧ протекала с более высокой, а ВЭБ-1/LMP-1<italic>(E328Q)</italic>+ВИЧ — с наименьшей вирусной нагрузкой ВИЧ. Наиболее высокий уровень ДНК ВЭБ у этих пациентов наблюдался при молекулярно-генетическом профиле ВЭБ-1/LMP-1<italic>(Q334R)</italic>+ВИЧ. В группе «опытных» пациентов концентрация ДНК ВЭБ в лейкоцитах крови была значительно ниже при инфицировании ВЭБ-1/LMP-1<italic>(E328Q)</italic>+ВИЧ и, наоборот, выше, в тех случаях, когда выявляли ВЭБ-1/LMP-1<italic>(H358P)</italic>+ВИЧ. <italic>Заключение.</italic> Впервые в России выявлены особенности клинико-лабораторных показателей ВЭБ+ВИЧ-коинфекции при инфицировании разными субвариантами LMP-1 ВЭБ-1 (на уровне аминокислотных замен S309N, E328Q, Q334R, H358P). Необходимо изучение функциональной роли выявленных мутаций <italic>in vitro</italic> и <italic>in vivo</italic>. В контексте изучения клинической значимости молекулярно-генетического разнообразия ВЭБ целесообразно проведение более масштабных исследований на разных территориях России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EBV-1</kwd><kwd>EBV-2</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВЭБ-1</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-2</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Викулов Г.Х., Орадовская И.В., Колобухина Л.В., Русанова С.А., Антипят Н.А., Тюрин И.Н. Герпесвирусные инфекции и ВИЧ (диагностика и клинические особенности) // Врач. 2023. Т. 34, № 12. С. 91–97. [Vikulov G., Oradovskaya I., Kolobukhina L., Rusanova S., Antipyat N., Tyurin I. Herpesvirus infections and HIV (diagnosis and clinical features). Vrach = The Doctor, 2023, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 91–97. 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