Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1762210.15789/2220-7619-DAM-17622ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleDesigning a multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: an immunoinformatic approachРазработка мультиэпитопной вакцины против SARS-CoV-2: иммуноинформатический подходAlamdari-PalangV.Аламдари-ПалангиВ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MSc, PhD Candidate, Department of Molecular Medicine

магистр, аспирант, кафедра молекулярной медицины

razban_vahid@yahoo.comDehghanZ.ДеганЗ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Researcher, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies

кандидат наук, научный сотрудник кафедры сравнительных биомедицинских наук, Школа передовых медицинских наук и технологий

razban_vahid@yahoo.comKianM.КианМ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

DVM, PhD Candidate, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies

доктор ветеринарной медицины, аспирант, кафедра сравнительных биомедицинских наук, Школа передовых медицинских наук и технологий

razban_vahid@yahoo.comZonarS.ЗонарС.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MSc, Researcher, Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch

магистр, научный сотрудник, кафедра биологии, отделение наук и исследований

razban_vahid@yahoo.comFallahiJ.ФаллахиДж.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies

кандидат наук, доцент, кафедра молекулярной медицины, Школа передовых медицинских наук и технологий

razban_vahid@yahoo.comSisakhtM.СисахтМ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Researcher, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies

кандидат наук, научный сотрудник, кафедра молекулярной медицины, Школа передовых медицинских наук и технологий

razban_vahid@yahoo.comKhajehS.ХаджеС.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Assistant Professor, Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center

кандидат наук, доцент, Центр исследований заболеваний костей и суставов

razban_vahid@yahoo.comRazbanV.РазбанВ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies

кандидат наук, доцент кафедры молекулярной медицины Школы передовых медицинских наук и технологий

razban_vahid@yahoo.comShiraz University of Medical SciencesШиразский университет медицинских наукIslamic Azad UniversityИсламский университет Азад13032025080720251523193281503202426012025Copyright ©; 2025, Alamdari-Palang V., Dehghan Z., Kian M., Zonar S., Fallahi J., Sisakht M., Khajeh S., Razban V.Copyright ©; 2025, Аламдари-Паланги В., Деган З., Киан M., Зонар С., Фаллахи Д., Сисахт M., Хадже С., Разбан В.2025Alamdari-Palang V., Dehghan Z., Kian M., Zonar S., Fallahi J., Sisakht M., Khajeh S., Razban V.Аламдари-Паланги В., Деган З., Киан M., Зонар С., Фаллахи Д., Сисахт M., Хадже С., Разбан В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17622

Background. An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has brought a great challenge to public health and rapid identification of immune epitopes for designing an effective vaccine for different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary at the time of the pandemic. Rational, rapid, and precise vaccine design, especially vaccine antigen identification and optimization by in silico methods of bioinformatics, structural biology, and immunoinformatic is critical to efficient vaccine development against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The aim of this study was to develop a particular novel and effective vaccines vaccine using bioinformatics approaches and resources that can target B- and T-cell epitopes to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Materials and methods. The variants of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron strains) spike protein were selected for designing the vaccine. The B-cell, T-cell, and IFNg-inducing epitopes were predicted. The beta-defensin-3 protein was selected as adjuvant and predicted epitopes were connected using suitable linkers. The vaccine’s allergenicity, antigenicity, physicochemical characteristics, 2D and 3D structure modeling, and molecular docking were evaluated for the final construct.

Results. The in silico results showed that the multi-epitope vaccine has a stable structure and can induce humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion. B-cell and T-cell epitopes on spike protein were identified and recommended for design and confirmation of in vivo evaluation for multi-epitope peptides as vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

История вопроса. Вспышка SARS-CoV-2-инфекции в 2019 г. стала серьезным вызовом для общественного здравоохранения. В условиях пандемии тем более актуальной и необходимой была быстрая идентификация иммунных эпитопов для разработки эффективной вакцины против различных вариантов SARS-CoV-2. Рациональный и точный дизайн вакцины, особенно идентификация вакцинных антигенов и их оптимизация с помощью методов биоинформатики in silico, структурной биологии и иммуноинформатики, имели решающее значение. Целью настоящего исследования была разработка новой и эффективной вакцины, которая может содержать эпитопы В- и Т-клеток, с использованием подходов и ресурсов биоинформатики для борьбы с инфекцией SARS-CoV-2.

Материалы и методы. Варианты S-белка SARS-CoV-2 (штаммы альфа, бета, дельта и омикрон) были выбраны для разработки вакцины и предсказания эпитопов, индуцирующих В-клетки, Т-клетки и продукцию IFNg. Белок бета-дефензин-3 был выбран в качестве адъюванта, а предсказанные эпитопы были связаны с использованием разных линкеров. Для формирования окончательной конструкции были изучены аллергенность, антигенность, физико-химические характеристики вакцины, выполнено моделирование 2D- и 3D-структуры и проведена оценка молекулярного связывания.

Результаты. Результаты in silico анализа показали, что мультиэпитопная вакцина имеет стабильную структуру и может индуцировать гуморальный и клеточный иммунный ответ против вируса SARS-CoV-2.

Выводы. Были идентифицированы В-клеточные и Т-клеточные эпитопы спайкового белка вируса SARS-CoV-2, рекомендованные для разработки и подтверждения эффективности in vivo мультиэпитопных пептидов в качестве вакцин против вируса SARS-CoV-2.

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