Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1758510.15789/2220-7619-TRO-17585REVIEWSОБЗОРЫReview ArticleThe role of RNA viruses in human cancersРоль РНК-вирусов в онкогенезе человекаFazlalipourM.ФазлалипурМ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD in Virology; PhD in Virology; Assistant Professor, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies; Assistant Professor, Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

кандидат наук по вирусологии, ассистент, Сотрудничающего центра ВОЗ по стандартам и исследованиям бешенства; ассистент Исследовательского центра новых и вновь возникающих инфекционных заболеваний

mfp.virology@gmail.comMollaeiH.R.МоллаиХ.Р.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD in Virology; Assistant Professor

кандидат наук по вирусологии, ассистент

mfp.virology@gmail.comPasteur Institute of IranИнститут Пастера ИранаKerman University of Medical SciencesКерманский университет медицинских наук28052024050620241422092263101202414052024Copyright ©; 2024, Fazlalipour M., Mollaei H.Copyright ©; 2024, Фазлалипур М., Моллаи Х.2024Fazlalipour M., Mollaei H.Фазлалипур М., Моллаи Х.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17585

Many RNA viruses have been reported to be oncogenic (or carcinogenic) in a variety of animal and human cancers. The increase in the incidence and prevalence of cancer-causing viruses in human populations can be known as a key precursor to the development of various cancers. The retrovirus family and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are also reported to cause cancer. Viral oncoproteins such as Tax of HTLV 1 interacts with cellular ubiquitination complex such as cyclindromatosis tumor suppressor, ubiquitin-specific proteases 7, 11, 15 and 20, A-20 and signal-transducing adaptor molecule binding protein-like-1 in order to improve the cellular signaling pathways. The viral oncoproteins binding to DUB, leading to proliferation of virus-infected cells and cell transformation. Proto-oncogenes (c-onc genes) are the cellular form of v-onc genes. The activation of c-onc genes leads to cell growth. C-onc genes are transformed into an oncogenic form by viral infection. C-onc genes play some roles such as protein kinases, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and DNA binding proteins. The study of transforming retroviruses and their oncogenes and the multiple mechanisms deployed by other RNA viruses to use the growth-suppressive and proapoptotic function of tumor suppressor genes has been added to our current understanding of cancer biology. Oncogenic RNA viruses are important experimental models to study molecular investigation such as cellular networks, including the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Understanding of different strategies of RNA viruses as well as the function of their proteins helps to make more extensive plans regarding the adoption of follow-up, prevention and treatment strategies in cancer patients caused by viral origin.

Известно, что многие РНК-вирусы являются онкогенными (или канцерогенными) при различных видах рака у животных и человека. Увеличение заболеваемости и распространенности вирусов, вызывающих рак, в человеческой популяции можно расценивать как ключевой предшественник развития различных видов рака. Семейство ретровирусов и вирус гепатита С (ВГС) также вызывают рак. Вирусные онкопротеины, такие как Tax Т-лимфотропного вируса человека (HTLV-1), взаимодействуют с клеточным комплексом убиквитинирования, таким как супрессор опухоли цилиндроматоза, убиквитин-специфические протеазы 7, 11, 15 и 20, А-20 и STAMBPL1 для усиления клеточных сигнальных путей. Вирусные онкопротеины связываются с деубиквитиназой, что приводит к пролиферации инфицированных клеток и клеточной трансформации. Протоонкогены (гены c-onc) представляют собой клеточную форму генов v-onc. Активация генов c-onc приводит к росту клеток. Гены с-onc трансформируются в онкогенную форму при вирусной инфекции могут выступать в качестве протеинкиназ, факторов роста, рецепторов факторов роста и ДНК-связывающих белков. Изучение трансформирующих ретровирусов и их онкогенов, а также разных механизмов, используемых другими РНК-вирусами для подавления роста и проапоптотической функции генов-супрессоров опухолей привносит новые данные в понимание биологии рака. Онкогенные РНК-вирусы являются важными экспериментальными молекулярными моделями по изучению клеточных сетей, включая открытие онкогенов и супрессоров опухолей. Понимание различных стратегий РНК-вирусов, а также функций их белков помогает расширить стратегии для последующего наблюдения, профилактики и лечения больных раком, обусловленного различными вирусами.

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