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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17579</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-IAS-17579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunogenicity and safety of DTPW-HEPB-HIB (PRP-T) vaccine (Pentavac) in infants aged 2–7 months: a post marketing phase 4 clinical trial study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммуногенность и безопасность вакцины DTPW-HEP B-HIB (PRP-T) (Пентавак) у младенцев в возрасте 2–7 месяцев: клиническое испытательное постмаркетинговое исследование 4 фазы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masoumi-Asl</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масуми-Асл</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, MPH, Professor of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач, магистр здравоохранения, профессор детской инфектологии, кафедра педиатрии</p></bio><email>faramarzimahmood@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nateghian</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Натегян</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор детской инфектологии, кафедра педиатрии</p></bio><email>faramarzimahmood@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baradaran</surname><given-names>H.R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барадаран</surname><given-names>Х.Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, профессор кафедры клинической эпидемиологии факультета общественного здравоохранения</p></bio><email>faramarzimahmood@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jafari</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джафари</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Candidate of Medical Microbiology, Junior Researcher, Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center (PIDRC)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант (медицинская микробиология), младший научный сотрудник, Центр исследований детских инфекционных заболеваний (PIDRC)</p></bio><email>faramarzimahmood@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizian</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизян</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Candidate of Medical Microbiology, Junior Researcher, Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center (PIDRC)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант (медицинская микробиология), младший научный сотрудник, Центр исследований детских инфекционных заболеваний (PIDRC)</p></bio><email>faramarzimahmood@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Faramarzi</surname><given-names>Mahmoud</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фарамарзи</surname><given-names>Махмуд</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MSc of Medical Immunology, Research Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр медицинской иммунологии, лаборант-исследователь</p></bio><email>faramarzimahmood@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет медицинских наук Ирана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>781</fpage><lpage>787</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-13"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Masoumi-Asl H., Nateghian A., Baradaran H., Jafari E., Azizian R., Faramarzi M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Масуми-Асл Х., Натегян А., Барадаран Х., Джафари Э., Азизян Р., Фарамарзи М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Masoumi-Asl H., Nateghian A., Baradaran H., Jafari E., Azizian R., Faramarzi M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Масуми-Асл Х., Натегян А., Барадаран Х., Джафари Э., Азизян Р., Фарамарзи М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17579">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17579</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Background.</italic> Vaccines play a critical role in safeguarding public health, particularly for children. It is imperative to proactively address safety concerns to uphold trust in their effectiveness and safety. Skepticism surrounding vaccines can have significant adverse effects on the overall well-being of the entire population, potentially leading to individuals opting out of vital vaccinations, thereby posing risks to public health. Thus, ensuring confidence in vaccine safety remains paramount. <italic>Materials and methods.</italic> This phase four clinical trial was conducted as a post-marketing study (PMS) on 2 to 7 month old healthy infants (N = 539) to evaluate immunity and safety of Indian pentavalent vaccine containing Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenza type b [DTPW-HEP B-HIB (PRP-T)/PENTAVAC] in four different centers at Tehran province. Blood samples were collected from eligible infants before receiving the vaccine (2 months of age) and 1 month after the third dose (7 months of age) to determine antibodies against all antigens in the pentavalent vaccine using ELISA. <italic>Results.</italic> The results indicated that the immune responses demonstrated seroprotection and protective antibody levels after three doses of the vaccine for Haemophilus influenza b, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B virus and <italic>Bordetella pertussis</italic> were 99.1%, 98.7%, 99.8%, 99.4% and 69.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the P-value for all vaccine components was similar (P &lt; 0.001). The five most common side effects reported were mild fever (10%), erythema at the vaccination site (9.1%), inflammation (4.3%), pain at the vaccination site (3.3%), and restlessness (2.6%). <italic>Conclusion.</italic> This study’s findings demonstrated a significant increase in antibody levels against all five vaccine components. In light of these results, it can be concluded that the Pentavalent vaccine is not only effective in enhancing immunity against multiple diseases but also presents minimal risk of side effects in the study population. These findings contribute to the body of evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of vaccines, underscoring their crucial role in protecting public health.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вакцины играют критически важную роль в охране общественного здоровья, особенно для детей. Крайне важно активно решать проблемы безопасности для поддержания доверия к вакцинации. Скептицизм вокруг вакцин может иметь существенные неблагоприятные последствия для общего благополучия всего населения, потенциально приводя к тому, что люди отказываются от жизненно важных прививок, тем самым создавая риски для общественного здравоохранения. Следовательно, обеспечение уверенности в безопасности вакцин остается первостепенной задачей. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Настоящее клиническое испытание четвертой фазы было проведено в качестве постмаркетингового исследования (PMS) на здоровых младенцах 2–7 месяцев (N = 539) для оценки иммунитета и безопасности индийской пятивалентной вакцины против дифтерии, столбняка, коклюша, гепатита В и <italic>Haemophilus influenza</italic> типа b [DTPW-HEPB-HIB (PRP-T)/PENTAVAC] в четырех различных центрах в провинции Тегеран. Образцы крови обследованных младенцев были собраны до введения вакцины (возраст 2 месяца) и через 1 месяц после третьей дозы (возраст 7 месяцев) для определения антител против всех антигенов пятивалентной вакцины методом ELISA. <italic>Результаты.</italic> Показано, что уровни серозащиты и защитных антител после трех доз вакцины против антигенов <italic>Haemophilus influenza</italic> типа b, дифтерии, столбняка, вирус гепатита В и коклюша составили 99,1%, 98,7%, 99,8%, 99,4% и 69,6% соответственно. Статистический анализ показал, что величина P для всех компонентов вакцины была сопоставима (P &lt; 0,001). Пять наиболее распространенных побочных эффектов применения вакцины были представлены в виде умеренной лихорадки (10%), эритемы в месте вакцинации (9,1%), воспаления (4,3%), боли в месте вакцинации (3,3%) и беспокойства (2,6%). <italic>Выводы.</italic> Результаты настоящего исследования продемонстрировали выраженное увеличение уровня антител против всех пяти компонентов вакцины. В свете полученных результатов можно заключить, что вакцина Пентавалент не только эффективна в повышении иммунитета против указанных заболеваний, но и несет минимальный риск побочных эффектов в исследуемой популяции. Приводимые результаты вносят вклад в совокупность доказательств, подтверждающих безопасность и эффективность вакцин, подчеркивая их решающую роль в защите общественного здравоохранения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>infants</kwd><kwd>pentavalent vaccine</kwd><kwd>antibody levels</kwd><kwd>side effects</kwd><kwd>children’s health</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>младенцы</kwd><kwd>пентавалентная вакцина</kwd><kwd>уровни антител</kwd><kwd>побочные эффекты</kwd><kwd>здоровье детей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Biosun Pharmed Pharmaceutical Company</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Biosun Pharmed Pharmaceutical Company</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aspinall S., Traynor D., Bedford P., Hartmann K. 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