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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-MAG-17562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular and genetic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus isolates in adult patients with HIV infection in Nizhny Novgorod region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика изолятов вируса Эпштейна–Барр у взрослых пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией в Нижегородской области</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>Mariia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Мedicine), Associate Professor of the Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharnov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарнов</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>utkino2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhskiy Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-22"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Popkova M.I., Filatova E.N., Minaeva S.V., Sakharnov N.A., Utkin O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Попкова М.И., Филатова Е.Н., Минаева С.В., Сахарнов Н.А., Уткин О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popkova M.I., Filatova E.N., Minaeva S.V., Sakharnov N.A., Utkin O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попкова М.И., Филатова Е.Н., Минаева С.В., Сахарнов Н.А., Уткин О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17562">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17562</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction.</italic> According to foreing studies, the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) isolates from individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are characterized by specific molecular genetic features compared to immunocompetent individuals. In Russia, no studies have yet been conducted to assessing EBV molecular genetic diversity in HIV-patients. The aim of the study is to assess EBV molecular genetic diversity in adult HIV-patients in the Nizhny Novgorod region. <italic>Materials and methods.</italic> EBV isolates derived from blood leukocytes of 138 HIV-infected patients aged 20–69 years (HIV(+) group) and 68 HIV-uninfected sex- and age-matched (HIV(–) group) individuals were studied. For differential detection of EBV-1/EBV-2, there were used PCR variant with electrophoretic detection of amplification products in agarose gel. Nucleotide sequences of the C-terminal fragment <italic>LMP-1</italic> gene were determined by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA X software. <italic>Results.</italic> In the typical structure of Nizhny Novgorod region EBV isolates in the adults HIV(–) group, only EBV-1 was detected. In the HIV(+) group detection rate of EBV-1 was 88.2±3.4%, EBV-2 — 5.4±2.3%, EBV-1+EBV-2 — 6.4±2.6% cases. In the EBV strain structure based on the classification by R. Edwards et al. five LMP-1 variants were identified: <italic>B95-8, China 1, Med–, NC</italic> and <italic>Alaskan</italic>, among which <italic>B95-8</italic> was dominant. However, their frequency rate did not differ between the HIV(+) and HIV(–) groups. In general, in HIV infection, the appearance of recombinant EBV LMP-1 variants, a wider range of deletions, prominent variability in the tandem repeat region with the presence of modified motifs and point amino acid substitutions therein have been noted, and 57 amino acid substitutions have been described that were previously found in the Nizhny Novgorod region EBV isolates was not detected. <italic>Conclusion.</italic> For the first time in Russia, molecular genetic EBV diversity in adult HIV-patients was carried out. The results obtained build up the basis for a prospective study on a relationship between clinical and laboratory characteristics for EBV+HIV co-infection and genetic heterogeneity of EBV population at the level of virus types, variants and subvariants.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> По данным зарубежных исследований изоляты вируса Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ), выделенные от лиц, инфицированных вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), по сравнению с иммунокомпетентными лицами, имеют молекулярно-генетические особенности. В России исследования молекулярно-генетического разнообразия ВЭБ у пациентов с ВИЧ-инфекцией до сих пор не проводились. Цель исследования — оценка молекулярно-генетического разнообразия ВЭБ у взрослых ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц в Нижегородской области. <italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Исследовали изоляты ВЭБ, выделенные из лейкоцитов крови 138 ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в возрасте 20–69 лет (группа ВИЧ(+)) и 68 ВИЧ-неинфицированных лиц сопоставимого пола и возраста без клинических признаков инфекционной патологии (группа ВИЧ(–)). Для дифференциальной детекции типов ВЭБ-1 и ВЭБ-2 в работе применялся вариант ПЦР с электрофоретической детекцией продуктов амплификации в агарозном геле. Определение нуклеотидных последовательностей С-концевого фрагмента гена <italic>LMP-1</italic> выполнено методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Филогенетический анализ данных проводили с помощью программного обеспечения MEGA X. <italic>Результаты.</italic> В типовой структуре нижегородских изолятов ВЭБ у взрослых в группе ВИЧ(–) был обнаружен только ВЭБ-1. В то время как в группе ВИЧ(+) частота выявления ВЭБ-1 составила 88,2±3,4%, ВЭБ-2 — 5,4±2,3%, ВЭБ-1+ВЭБ-2 — 6,4±2,6% случаев. В штаммовой структуре ВЭБ на основе классификации по R. Edwards и соавт. выявлено пять вариантов LMP-1, а именно <italic>B95-8, China 1, Med–, NC</italic> и <italic>Alaskan</italic>, среди которых доминировал <italic>B95-8</italic>. При этом их частота встречаемости между исследуемыми группами ВИЧ(+) и ВИЧ(–) не различалась. Как общая тенденция, при ВИЧ-инфекции отмечено появление рекомбинантных вариантов LMP-1 ВЭБ, более широкий спектр делеций, выраженная вариабельность области тандемных повторов с присутствием модифицированных мотивов и точечными аминокислотными заменами в них, а также описаны 57 аминокислотных замен, которые ранее в нижегородских изолятах ВЭБ не выявлялись. <italic>Заключение.</italic> Впервые в России проведена оценка молекулярно-генетического разнообразия ВЭБ у взрослых ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц. Полученные результаты лежат в основе перспективного изучения взаимосвязи клинико-лабораторных особенностей ВЭБ+ВИЧ-коинфекции и генетической гетерогенности популяции ВЭБ на уровне типов, вариантов и субвариантов вируса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EBV-1</kwd><kwd>EBV-2</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВЭБ-1</kwd><kwd>ВЭБ-2</kwd><kwd>LMP-1</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Гончарова Е.В., Сенюта Н.Б., Смирнова К.В., Щербак Л.Н., Гурцевич В.Э. Вирус Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) в России: инфицированность населения и анализ вариантов гена LMP1 у больных ВЭБ-ассоциированными патологиями и здоровых лиц // Вопросы вирусологии. 2015. Т. 60, № 2. С. 11–17. [Goncharova E.V., Senyuta N.B., Smirnova K.V., Shcherbak L.N., Gurtsevich V.E. 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