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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17553</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-QAB-17553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Quantitatively assessed blood leukocyte Epstein–Barr virus in adult HIV-infected patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Количественная характеристика вируса Эпштейна–Барр в лейкоцитах крови у взрослых ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Мedicine), Associate Professor of the Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Neumoina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неумоина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head Physician of the Infectious Diseases Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., главный врач клиники инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perfilova</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перфилова</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Deputy Head Physician of the Infectious Diseases Clinic</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зам. главного врача клиники инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией молекулярной биологии и биотехнологии</p></bio><email>popmarig@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Нижегородский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhskiy Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>351</fpage><lpage>364</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Popkova M.I., Filatova E.N., Minaeva S.V., Neumoina N.V., Perfilova K.M., Utkin O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Попкова М.И., Филатова Е.Н., Минаева С.В., Неумоина Н.В., Перфилова К.М., Уткин О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popkova M.I., Filatova E.N., Minaeva S.V., Neumoina N.V., Perfilova K.M., Utkin O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попкова М.И., Филатова Е.Н., Минаева С.В., Неумоина Н.В., Перфилова К.М., Уткин О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17553">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17553</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) represents a current biomedical problem. The purpose of the study was to evaluate blood leukocyte EBV detection rate and viral load in adult HIV-infected patients. Materials and methods. There were examined blood leukocytes collected from 138 HIV(+) and 68 HIV(–) individuals aged 20–69 years. Statistical analysis was carried out differentiated according to the stages of HIV infection, the CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte count, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Results. It was shown that EBV DNA was detected significantly more often in HIV(+) vs HIV(–) individuals (70.3±3.9% and 48.5±6.1%, p = 0.008), with EBV viral load comprising 18 [5; 139] versus 2 [1; 3] copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells (р &lt; 0.001), respectively. It has been shown that the group of HIV(+) patients is heterogeneous in the frequency of EBV detection and viral load, with the peak EBV frequency (86.7±6.2%) and DNA (121 [34; 252] copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells) level observed in “naive” patients with severe immunodeficiency. Among “experienced” patients receiving therapy, the relative risk of detecting EBV DNA with low treatment adherence was significantly higher compared to those who developed high adherence (р &lt; 0.05). When the HIV viral load reached undetectable level, EBV DNA concentration was significantly lower where HIV RNA was detectable (1 [0; 8] versus 15 [1; 162] copies/10<sup>5</sup> cells, р &lt; 0.001). Detection of EBV DNA is associated with higher HIV viral load level and lower CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte count compared to patients with undetected EBV DNA. A relationship has been established between the CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte count in HIV(+) patients and the likelihood of active EBV infection. A threshold cut-off of 200 cells/μl was determined. CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocyte count &lt; 200 cells/μl vs ≥ 200 cells/μl (р &lt; 0.001) is associated with a 3.3-fold higher risk of detecting active EBV infection. Conclusion. It is necessary to continue interdisciplinary research to improve early diagnostics of EBV-associated diseases in HIV-infected individuals.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Коинфицирование вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и вирусом Эпштейна–Барр (ВЭБ) — актуальная медико-биологическая проблема. Цель исследования — оценить частоту выявления и вирусную нагрузку ВЭБ в лейкоцитах крови у взрослых ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов. Материалом исследования послужили лейкоциты крови 138 ВИЧ(+) и 68 ВИЧ(–) лиц в возрасте 20–69 лет. Количественное определение ДНК ВЭБ выполнено методом ПЦР в реальном времени. Статистический анализ проводили дифференцированно по стадиям ВИЧ-инфекции, содержанию СD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов, приверженности антиретровирусной терапии. В результате показано, что ДНК ВЭБ у ВИЧ(+) пациентов выявляли значительно чаще, чем у ВИЧ(–) лиц (70,3±3,9% и 48,5±6,1%, р = 0,008). Вирусная нагрузка ВЭБ составила соответственно 18 [5; 139] против 2 [1; 3] копий/10<sup>5</sup> клеток (р &lt; 0,001). Показано, что группа ВИЧ(+) пациентов неоднородна по частоте выявления и вирусной нагрузке ВЭБ. Наиболее высокие значения частоты (86,7±6,2%) и концентрации ДНК ВЭБ (121 [34; 252] копий/10<sup>5</sup> клеток) отмечались в группе «наивных» пациентов с тяжелым иммунодефицитом. Среди «опытных» пациентов, получавших терапию, относительный риск выявления ДНК ВЭБ при низкой приверженности был значительно выше по сравнению с теми, у кого сформировалась высокая приверженность (ОР 1,69 (95% ДИ: 1,28–2,24), р &lt; 0,05). При достижении неопределяемого уровня вирусной нагрузки ВИЧ концентрация ДНК ВЭБ была существенно ниже, чем в случаях, когда РНК ВИЧ определялась (1[0; 8] против 15 [1; 162] копии/10<sup>5</sup> клеток, р &lt; 0,001). Обнаружение ДНК ВЭБ сопряжено с более высоким уровнем вирусной нагрузки ВИЧ и низким содержанием CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов по сравнению с теми пациентами, у кого ДНК ВЭБ не выявлялась. Установлена взаимосвязь между количеством CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов у ВИЧ(+) пациентов и вероятностью активной ВЭБ-инфекции. Определено пороговое значение 200 клеток/мкл. Количество CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов &lt; 200 клеток/мкл ассоциировано с повышенным в 3,3 раза риском выявления активной ВЭБ-инфекции по сравнению с пациентами, у которых количество CD4<sup>+</sup> Т-лимфоцитов ≥ 200 клеток/мкл (ОР 3,3 (95% ДИ: 2,4–4,7), р &lt; 0,001). Таким образом, впервые в России проведена количественная оценка ВЭБ у ВИЧ-инфицированных пациентов в разрезе разных клинических стадий ВИЧ-инфекции, степени иммунных нарушений, применения и приверженности терапии. Необходимо продолжать междисциплинарные исследования для совершенствования ранней диагностики ВЭБ-ассоциированных заболеваний у ВИЧ-инфицированных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Epstein–Barr virus</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>EBV DNA</kwd><kwd>HIV RNA</kwd><kwd>CD4+ T lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>ART adherence</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус Эпштейна–Барр</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>ДНК ВЭБ</kwd><kwd>РНК ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>CD4+ Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>приверженность АРТ</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Давидович Г.М., Карпов И.А. Клиническое течение вирусной инфекции Эпштейн–Барр у пациентов c ВИЧ // Рецепт. 2007. № 4 (54). С. 115–117. [Davidovich G.M., Karpov I.A. Clinical course of Epstein–Barr viral infection in patients with HIV. Retsept = Recipe, no. 4, pp. 115–117. 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