<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17550</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/10.15789/2220-7619-SAE-17550</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Safety and effectiveness of single- versus double-dose of seasonal influenza vaccine in kidney transplant recipients: a randomized clinical trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Безопасность и эффективность однодозовой и двудозовой вакцины от сезонного гриппа у реципиентов трансплантации почки: рандомизированное клиническое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meidani</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мейдани</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней, отделение инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatami</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатами</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Nephrology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор нефрологии</p></bio><email>s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdollahi</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдоллахи</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор патологии, отделение патологии, медицинский факультет</p></bio><email>s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirzapour</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирзапюр</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Psychology and Postdoc Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.п.н., постдок-исследователь</p></bio><email>s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimian</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримян</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Infectious Disease Specialist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>специалист по инфекционным заболеваниям</p></bio><email>karimianelnaz@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>SeyedAlinaghi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>СейедАлинаги</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, MPhil, PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., магистр философии, доктор философии, доцент</p></bio><email>s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Больница Имама Хомейни, Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nephrology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский центр нефрологии, Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский факультет, Больница Имама Хомейни, Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иранский исследовательский центр ВИЧ/СПИД, Иранский институт снижения поведения высокого риска, Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Школа медицины, Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-02-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Meidani M., Khatami M., Abdollahi A., Mirzapour P., Karimian E., SeyedAlinaghi S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Мейдани М., Хатами М., Абдоллахи А., Мирзапюр П., Каримян Э., СейедАлинаги С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Meidani M., Khatami M., Abdollahi A., Mirzapour P., Karimian E., SeyedAlinaghi S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мейдани М., Хатами М., Абдоллахи А., Мирзапюр П., Каримян Э., СейедАлинаги С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17550">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17550</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction.</italic> Influenza virus poses significant risks to immunocompromised individuals such as those who have received organ transplants and are undergoing immunosuppressive treatment to prevent transplant rejection. Therefore, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for these individuals. This study aimed to comparison of safety and effectiveness of single- versus double-dose of seasonal influenza vaccine in kidney transplant recipients.</p> <p><italic>Materials and methods.</italic> This randomized clinical trial involved 50 kidney transplant recipients at Imam Khomeini Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: those receiving a single dose (standard dose) and those receiving a double dose of the seasonal flu vaccine. Serum samples were collected before and 4 weeks after vaccination to measure influenza A&amp;B-related antibodies. Sixteen patients were excluded from the study. The trial focused on evaluating the vaccine safety and immunogenicity, as well as documenting any local and systemic side effects following vaccination.</p> <p><italic>Results.</italic> The results indicated no significant difference in gender, age, and type of immunosuppressive drug used between the single- and double-dose groups (p &gt; 0.05). No significant difference in post-vaccination adverse effects, such as injection site pain (p = 0.21) between the two groups. The seroconversion rates (change from IgG &lt; 9 IU/µL to IgG &gt;11 IU/µL) for IgG Influenza A were 12.5% (n = 2) in the single-dose group and 26.7% (n = 4) in the double-dose group, and for IgG Influenza B, they were 11.8% (n = 2) and 21.4% (n = 3), respectively.</p> <p><italic>Conclusion.</italic> A double dose of the influenza vaccine slightly enhanced the immune response in kidney transplant patients without causing any adverse side effects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> Вирус гриппа представляет значительный риск для лиц с ослабленным иммунитетом, например, для реципиентов трансплантации органов и получающих иммуносупрессивное лечение для предотвращения отторжения трансплантата. Поэтому таким лицам рекомендуется проведение ежегодной вакцинации против гриппа. Целью настоящего исследования было сравнение безопасности и эффективности однократной и двудозовой вакцины против сезонного гриппа у реципиентов трансплантата почки.</p> <p><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> В рандомизированном клиническом исследовании приняли участие 50 реципиентов почечного трансплантата в больнице Имама Хомейни, которые случайным образом были разделены на две группы: получившие однократную дозу (стандартную дозу) и получившие двойную дозу вакцины против сезонного гриппа. Образцы сыворотки собирали до после вакцинации и через 4 недели после нее для измерения антител против антигенов вакцинных вирусов гриппа A и B. Шестнадцать пациентов были исключены из исследования. Исследование было сосредоточено на оценке безопасности и иммуногенности вакцины, а также на документировании любых местных и системных побочных эффектов после вакцинации.</p> <p><italic>Результаты.</italic> В ходе исследования не были отмечены существенные различия по полу, возрасту и типу иммунодепрессанта, используемого между группами, получавшими однократную и двойную дозу (p &gt; 0,05). Между двумя группами не обнаружено существенных различий в побочных эффектах после вакцинации, таких как боль в месте инъекции (p = 0,21). Частота сероконверсии (изменение от IgG &lt; 9 МЕ/мкл до IgG &gt; 11 МЕ/мкл) для IgG против гриппа А составила 12,5% (n = 2) в группе однократного приема и 26,7% (n = 4) в группе двудозовой вакцинации, а для IgG против гриппа B они составили 11,8% (n = 2) и 21,4% (n = 3) соответственно.</p> <p><italic>Заключение.</italic> Двойная доза противогриппозной вакцины незначительно усиливала иммунный ответ у реципиентов трансплантата почки, без развития каких-либо побочных эффектов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza vaccine</kwd><kwd>transplant recepients</kwd><kwd>double dose</kwd><kwd>immunogenecity</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>single dose</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакцина против гриппа</kwd><kwd>реципиенты трансплантата</kwd><kwd>двойная доза</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>однократная доза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chong P.P., Handler L., Weber D.J. A systematic review of safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccination strategies in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2018, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 1802–1811. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1081</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Control CfD, Prevention. Seasonal influenza: flu basics. URL: http://www cdc gov/flu/about/disease/index htm [Last accessed: 2017, Feb 20]. 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Cordero E., Pérez-Romero P., Moreno A., Len O., Montejo M., Vidal E., Martín-Dávila P., Fariñas M.C., Fernández-Sabé N., Giannella M., Pachón J.; Novel influenza A(H1N1) Study Group of Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI). Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients: impact of viral and non-viral co-infection. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2012, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 67–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03537.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Cordero E., Roca-Oporto C., Bulnes-Ramos A., Aydillo T., Gavaldà J., Moreno A., Torre-Cisneros J., Montejo J.M., Fortun J., Muñoz P., Sabé N., Fariñas M.C., Blanes-Julia M., López-Medrano F., Suárez-Benjumea A., Martinez-Atienza J., Rosso-Fernández C., Pérez-Romero P.; TRANSGRIPE 1–2 Study Group. Two doses of inactivated influenza vaccine improve immune response in solid organ transplant recipients: results of TRANSGRIPE 1-2, a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2017, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 829–838. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw855</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>El Sahly H.M., Davis C., Kotloff K., Meier J., Winokur P.L., Wald A., Johnston C., George S.L., Brady R.C., Lehmann C., Stokes-Riner A., Keitel W.A. Higher antigen content improves the immune response to 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine in HIV-infected adults: a randomized clinical trial. J. Infect. Dis., 2012, vol. 205, no. 5, pp. 703–712. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir837</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>GiaQuinta S., Michaels M.G., McCullers J.A., Wang L., Fonnesbeck C., O’Shea A., Green M., Halasa N.B. Randomized, double-blind comparison of standard-dose vs. high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in pediatric solid organ transplant patients. Pediatr. Transplant., 2015, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 219–228. doi: 10.1111/petr.12419</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Iuliano A.D., Roguski K.M., Chang H.H., Muscatello D.J., Palekar R., Tempia S., Cohen C., Gran J.M., Schanzer D., Cowling B.J., Wu P., Kyncl J., Ang L.W., Park M., Redlberger-Fritz M., Yu H., Espenhain L., Krishnan A., Emukule G., van Asten L., Pereira da Silva S., Aungkulanon S., Buchholz U., Widdowson M.A., Bresee J.S.; Global Seasonal Influenza-associated Mortality Collaborator Network. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study. Lancet, 2018, vol. 391, no. 10127, pp. 1285–1300. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33293-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Izurieta H.S., Thompson W.W., Kramarz P., Shay D.K., Davis R.L., DeStefano F., Black S., Shinefield H., Fukuda K. Influenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children. N. Engl. J. Med., 2000, vol. 342, no. 4, pp. 232–239. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200001273420402</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar D., Ferreira V.H., Blumberg E., Silveira F., Cordero E., Perez-Romero P., Aydillo T., Danziger-Isakov L., Limaye A.P., Carratala J., Munoz P., Montejo M., Lopez-Medrano F., Farinas M.C., Gavalda J., Moreno A., Levi M., Fortun J., Torre-Cisneros J., Englund J.A., Natori Y., Husain S., Reid G., Sharma T.S., Humar A. A 5-year prospective multicenter evaluation of influenza infection in transplant recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis., 2018, vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 1322–1329. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy294</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar D., Michaels M.G., Morris M.I., Green M., Avery R.K., Liu C., Danziger-Isakov L., Stosor V., Estabrook M., Gantt S., Marr K.A., Martin S., Silveira F.P., Razonable R.R., Allen U.D., Levi M.E., Lyon G.M., Bell L.E., Huprikar S., Patel G., Gregg K.S., Pursell K., Helmersen D., Julian K.G., Shiley K., Bono B., Dharnidharka V.R., Alavi G., Kalpoe J.S., Shoham S., Reid G.E., Humar A.; American Society of Transplantation H1N1 Collaborative Study Group. Outcomes from pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in recipients of solid-organ transplants: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2010, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 521–526. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70133-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Manuel O., Estabrook M.; American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. RNA respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin. Transplant., 2019, vol. 33, no. 9: e13511. doi: 10.1111/ctr.13511</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Miskulin D.C., Weiner D.E., Tighiouart H., Lacson E.K. Jr., Meyer K.B., Dad T., Manley H.J. High-dose seasonal influenza vaccine in patients undergoing dialysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2018, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1703–1711. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03390318</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Mombelli M., Neofytos D., Huynh-Do U., Sánchez-Céspedes J., Stampf S., Golshayan D., Dahdal S., Stirnimann G., Schnyder A., Garzoni C., Venzin R.M., Magenta L., Schönenberger M., Walti L., Hirzel C., Munting A., Dickenmann M., Koller M., Aubert J.D., Steiger J., Pascual M., Mueller T.F., Schuurmans M., Berger C., Binet I., Villard J., Mueller N.J., Egli A., Cordero E., van Delden C., Manuel O. Immunogenicity of high-dose versus MF59-adjuvanted versus standard influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: the swiss/spanish trial in solid organ transplantation on prevention of influenza (STOP-FLU Trial). Clin. Infect. Dis., 2024, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 48–56. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad477</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Mombelli M., Rettby N., Perreau M., Pascual M., Pantaleo G., Manuel O. Immunogenicity and safety of double versus standard dose of the seasonal influenza vaccine in solid-organ transplant recipients: a randomized controlled trial. Vaccine, 2018, vol. 36, no. 41, pp. 6163–6169. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.057</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Natori Y., Shiotsuka M., Slomovic J., Hoschler K., Ferreira V., Ashton P., Rotstein C., Lilly L., Schiff J., Singer L., Humar A., Kumar D. A double-blind, randomized trial of high-dose vs standard-dose influenza vaccine in adult solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin.Infect. Dis., 2018, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 1698–1704. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix1082</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Paget J., Caini S., Del Riccio M., van Waarden W., Meijer A. Has influenza B/Yamagata become extinct and what implications might this have for quadrivalent influenza vaccines? Euro Surveill., 2022, vol. 27, no. 39: 2200753. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.39.2200753</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
