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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1754</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-DBD-1754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Decreased beta-defensin-2 level in the gingival crevicular fluid as a potential predictor for developing inflammatory periodontal diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Снижение уровня β-дефензина-2 в десневой жидкости как потенциальный предиктор развития воспалительных заболеваний пародонта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4439-9661</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомирова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Microbiology and Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры пародонтологии</p></bio><email>lukaly1990@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-1370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atrushkevich</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атрушкевич</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Periodontology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры пародонтологии</p></bio><email>atrushkevichv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0307-0971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Linnik</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линник</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Immune System Mediators and Effectors, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медиаторов и эффекторов иммунитета, отдел иммунологии</p></bio><email>ev_linnik89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-695X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konopleva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коноплева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Immune System Mediators and Effectors, Department of Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории медиаторов и эффекторов иммунитета, отдел иммунологии</p></bio><email>maria-konopleva@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-7761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zudina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зудина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии</p></bio><email>ivzudina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Национальный исследовательский центр эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. почетного академика Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saratov State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет им. Н.Г. Чернышевского Минобрнауки РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>288</fpage><lpage>298</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Tikhomirova E.A., Atrushkevich V.G., Linnik E., Konopleva M.V., Zudina I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Тихомирова Е.А., Атрушкевич В.Г., Линник Е.В., Коноплева М.В., Зудина И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhomirova E.A., Atrushkevich V.G., Linnik E., Konopleva M.V., Zudina I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихомирова Е.А., Атрушкевич В.Г., Линник Е.В., Коноплева М.В., Зудина И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1754">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1754</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>β-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is a peptide of innate immunity that provides the first defenсe line in the oral mucosa against invading pathobionts. Under inflammatory conditions, epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts produce HBD-2. The defective defensin secretion may play a crucial role in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The study was aimed at comparing HBD-2 levels in the gingival fluid and/or periodontal pockets in patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis (PG), aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic generalized periodontitis (CP) and in the periodontally healthy subjects (Control). We examined 142 patients (45.0±1.03 years) residing in Moscow, including 11 patients with PG (35.7±3.69 years), 43 patients with AgP (35.4±0.84 years), 71 patients with CP (54.4±0.86 years) and 17 controls (36.1±2.92 years). We assessed the periodontal tissue condition in all patients during the periodontal and X-ray examination. The samples of the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal pocket contents were collected from the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets at 8 teeth of both jaws by paper points. The concentration (C) of β-defensin-2 was determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA Kit for Defensin Beta 2, Cloud-Clone Corp., USA). Mann–Whitney U-test (U), the Kruskal–Wallis test (H) and the Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner post hoc test (W) analyzed a difference significance between the parameters. We estimated the parameter relationship and its power by using the Spearmanʼs rank correlation coefficient (r<sub>S</sub>). The critical significance level was p ≤ 0.05. The current study showed that the progression of the periodontal inflammation is accompanied by sharply decreased HBD-2 concentration in patient samples (H = 42.8, df = 3, р &lt; 0.001). Thus, the concentration of HBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid of the periodontally healthy subjects (control group) ranged from 225 to 1720 pg/ml (C = 738 [477; 1114] pg/ml). In patients with PG, the median value of peptide concentration was 242 [42.5; 610] pg/ml (C<sub>min</sub> = 19 pg/ml, C<sub>max</sub> = 1000 pg/ml). In patients with periodontitis, it declined to critically low levels: C<sub>AgP</sub> = 54 [3; 195] pg/ml (C<sub>min</sub> = 0, C<sub>max</sub> = 478 pg/ml) and С<sub>СP</sub> = 25.5 [0; 125] pg/ml (C<sub>min</sub> = 0, C<sub>max</sub> = 298 pg/ml). Thus, we can consider the level of HBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid as a potential predictor for developing inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>β-дефензин-2 (HBD-2) является белком врожденного иммунитета, обеспечивающим первую линию защиты слизистой оболочки полости рта от внедрения патобионтов. HBD-2 продуцируется эпителиальными клетками и фибробластами десны в условиях воспаления. Предполагается, что нарушение секреции этого дефензина может играть решающую роль в развитии воспалительных заболеваний пародонта (ВЗП). Цель исследования состояла в сравнении уровней HBD-2 в десневой жидкости и/или содержимом пародонтальных карманов у пациентов с катаральным гингивитом (КГ), агрессивным пародонтитом (АП), хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом (ХГП) и у лиц без клинических признаков ВЗП (Контроль). В исследовании приняли участие 142 человека (45,0±1,03 лет), проживающих в городе Москве, среди которых было 11 человек с КГ (35,7±3,69 лет), 43 человека с АП (35,4±0,84 лет), 71 человек с ХГП (54,4±0,86 лет) и 17 человек с клинически здоровым пародонтом (36,1±2,92 лет). Клиническое состояние тканей пародонта устанавливали в процессе пародонтологического и рентгенологического обследования пациентов. Образцы десневой жидкости и содержимого пародонтальных карманов собирали с помощью бумажных штифтов в зубодесневой борозде и в пародонтальных карманах 8 зубов обеих челюстей. Концентрацию (С) β-дефензина-2 определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (ELISA Kit for Defensin Beta 2, Cloud-Clone Corp., США). Значимость различий между показателями устанавливали с помощью U-критерия Манна–Уитни (U), критерия Краскела–Уоллиса (H) с проведением апостериорного множественного попарного сравнения методом Дуасса–Стила–Кричлоу–Флигнера (W). Наличие связи между показателями, а также ее тесноту оценивали используя коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена (r<sub>S</sub>). Критический уровень значимости был принят p ≤ 0,05. Настоящее исследование показало, что прогрессирование патологических воспалительных процессов в тканях пародонта сопровождается резким падением концентрации HBD-2 в клиническом материале пациентов (Н = 42,8, df = 3, р &lt; 0,001). Так, концентрация HBD-2 в десневой жидкости лиц с клинически здоровым пародонтом (группа контроля) колебалась в пределах от 225 до 1720 пг/мл (С = 738 [477; 1114] пг/мл). У больных КГ медианное значение концентрации HBD-2 составляло 242 [42,5; 610] пг/мл (С<sub>min </sub>= 19 пг/мл, С<sub>max</sub> = 1000 пг/мл). У пациентов с пародонтитом оно опускалось до критически низкого уровня: С<sub>АП</sub> = 54 [3; 195] пг/мл (С<sub>min</sub> = 0, С<sub>max</sub> = 478 пг/мл) и С<sub>ХГП</sub> = 25,5 [0; 125] пг/мл (С<sub>min</sub> = 0, С<sub>max</sub> = 298 пг/мл). Таким образом, уровень HBD-2 в десневой жидкости может рассматриваться в качестве потенциального предиктора развития ВЗП.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>beta-defensins</kwd><kwd>HBD-2 (Human beta defensin-2)</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>gingivitis</kwd><kwd>gingival crevicular fluid</kwd><kwd>ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>β-дефензины</kwd><kwd>HBD-2 (Human beta-defensin-2)</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>гингивит</kwd><kwd>десневая жидкость</kwd><kwd>иммуноферментный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Зудина И.В., Булкина Н.В., Иванов П.В., Ведяева А.П., Иванова Е.В. Противовоспалительный эффект аскорбата хитозана в комплексной терапии заболеваний пародонта // Российский стоматологический журнал. 2013. Т. 17, № 2. С. 16–19. [Zudina I.V., Bulkina N.V., Ivanov P.V., Vedyaeva A.P., Ivanova E.V. 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