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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17532</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-GDO-17532</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection across Saudi Arabia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Географическое распространение инфекции COVID-19 в Саудовской Аравии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aldossari</surname><given-names>H.M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альдоссари</surname><given-names>Х.М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="SA">Saudi Arabia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Philosophy), Department of Geography and Geographical information systems</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философии, кафедра географии и географических информационных систем</p></bio><email>hmd5300@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdul Salam</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдул Салам</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="SA">Saudi Arabia</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Philosophy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философии</p></bio><email>hmd5300@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Исламский университет имама Мухаммеда ибн Сауда</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Demographical Studies, King Saud University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт демографических исследований, Университет короля Сауда</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Aldossari H., Abdul Salam A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Альдоссари Х., Абдул Салам А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aldossari H., Abdul Salam A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Альдоссари Х., Абдул Салам А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17532">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17532</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Background.</italic> Saudi Arabia, a large country in terms of population size and geographical area, is divided into administrative areas and governorates. It has metropolises, cities (large, medium sized, and small), towns, villages and rural neighborhoods, classifiable into well equipped, rapidly expanding, and others. The COVID-19 epidemics spread all over the country with differentials in infection rates, percentages, and affected persons, alongside daily increases. This analysis, focused on administrative areas, aimed to comprehend the spread and escalation of the epidemic, in addition to highlighting the distribution of the infected population with a special emphasis on geographical spread and seasonal variations.</p> <p><italic>Materials and methods.</italic> This analysis of data compiled from COVID-19 daily reports published by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health considers into account administrative areas and localities (neighborhoods) to demonstrate the distribution of spread, increase in infection, and the proportion of population infected between March 21, 2020 and May 4, 2023.</p> <p><italic>Results.</italic> A large majority of the infected cases were reported in three major administrative areas including Riyadh, Makkah, and the Eastern Region. Other regions had a smaller number of infected cases. However, some locations, especially medium-sized upcoming towns and neighborhoods experienced greater number of people seriously affected at a rapid pace, with seasonal differentials, in medium sized upcoming cities — the governorate headquarters and promising future cities, apart from the major cities.</p> <p><italic>Conclusions.</italic> COVID-19 spread in the country followed a certain regional pattern. Beyond the populous administrative areas, upcoming cities in fast changing areas had a high impact. Thus, having a categorization of major, medium or low spread is necessary. Such detailing of COVID-19 infection would be useful not only to develop combating strategies but also to create epidemic and emergency preparedness.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение.</italic> Саудовская Аравия, крупная по численности населения и территории страна, разделена на административные районы и провинции, в состав которых входят мегаполисы, города (большие, средние и малые), поселки, деревни и сельские кварталы с разным уровнем развития инфраструктуры, темпом экономического роста и пр. Эпидемия COVID-19 распространилась по всей стране, но с региональными различиями в уровнях заражения, процентах и количестве пострадавших, показателях ежедневного прироста числа заболевших. Настоящий анализ ситуации с COVID-19 на разных административных территориях страны был проведен с целью выявления факторов распространения эпидемии и распределения инфицированного населения в зависимости от географического положения региона и присущих ему сезонных климатических колебаний.</p> <p><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> Были проанализированы данные о распределении заболеваемости, росте заражения и доле населения, инфицированного в период с 21 марта 2020 г. по 4 мая 2023 г., на различных административных территориях и населенных пунктах (районах) страны, полученные из ежедневных отчетов о COVID-19, опубликованных Министерством здравоохранения Саудовской Аравии.</p> <p><italic>Результаты.</italic> Подавляющее большинство случаев заражения было зарегистрировано в трех основных административных районах, включая Эр-Рияд, Мекку и Восточный регион. В других регионах число зараженных было меньше. Тем не менее большое количество людей серьезно пострадало от быстрого темпа распространения заболевания, особенно в крупных и развивающихся городах, в крупных жилых и коммерческих районах, кварталах среднего размера.</p> <p><italic>Выводы.</italic> Распространение COVID-19 в стране имело определенную региональную закономерность. Помимо густонаселенных административных районов, большое влияние на этот показатель оказали города в быстроразвивающиеся регионах. Были выделены административные районы с большим, средним и низким уровнем распространения COVID-19. Такая классификация будет полезной не только для разработки стратегий борьбы, но и для обеспечения готовности к эпидемиям и чрезвычайным ситуациям в будущем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spread and increase</kwd><kwd>affected locations</kwd><kwd>contamination per 1000 persons</kwd><kwd>major cities</kwd><kwd>governorates and localities</kwd><kwd>seasonal variation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распространение и рост</kwd><kwd>затронутые территории</kwd><kwd>инфицированность на 1000 человек</kwd><kwd>крупные города</kwd><kwd>провинции и населенные пункты</kwd><kwd>сезонные колебания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University,</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исламского университет имама Мохаммеда ибн Сауда</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>IMSIU-RG23162</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abohamr S.I., Abazid R.M., Aldossari M.A., Amer H.A., Badhawi O.S., Aljunaidi O.M., Alzarzour S.H., Saadeddin H.M., Bhat F.A., Elsheikh E. 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