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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1709</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-SSP-1709</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь степени позитивности мазка мокроты и рентгенологической картины органов грудной клетки при туберкулезе: одномоментное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Behzadmehr</surname><given-names>Razieh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Безадмер</surname><given-names>Разиех</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Department of Radiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент отделения радиологии</p></bio><email>razbebehzadmehr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nejadkehkha</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неджадкеха</surname><given-names>Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>General Physician, Department of Radiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-терапевт отделения радиологии</p></bio><email>ganjresearch@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Zabol University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Забольский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>551</fpage><lpage>555</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-27"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-17"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Behzadmehr R., Nejadkehkha E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Безадмер Р., Неджадкеха Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Behzadmehr R., Nejadkehkha E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Безадмер Р., Неджадкеха Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1709">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1709</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite many advances in the diagnosis, screening, and rapid treatment of tuberculosis, it is still a public health concern in the world. Due to the importance of this issue in diagnosis and reduction of transmission of infection and treatment of the disease especially where this study was conducted due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, the aim of our study was to determine the relationship between sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a hospital in southeast of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pulmonary TB referencing the health centers in the Zabol city from January 1, 2015 to December 30, 2020. Sputum smear and radiographic findings of the chest X-ray were evaluated. Data was collected using a form of information and finally analyzed by SPSS 22. Out of 101 patients examined in the present study, 71 were women and 30 were men. The mean age of the patients was 62.68±13.61 years. The frequency of opacity in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 was 71.4, 78.5, and 76.5%, respectively. Frequency of cavitation in patients with grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.5%, 28.5% and 52.9% respectively (P value 0.001). The frequency of reticulonodular presentations in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 was 24.2, 7.1, and 0%, respectively. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (1+, 2+, and 3+), the frequency of cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. The findings of the present study can help physicians to improve TB diagnostics.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на многочисленные достижения в диагностике, скрининге и лечении туберкулеза, он по-прежнему остается проблемой общественного здравоохранения во всем мире. Ввиду важности этого вопроса для диагностики, снижения уровня распространения инфекции и лечения заболевания мы определяли взаимосвязь между степенью позитивности мокроты и рентгенологической картиной грудной клетки у больных туберкулезом легких на юго-востоке Ирана. Данный регион был выбран для проведения настоящего исследования по причине высокой распространенности в нем туберкулеза. Поперечное исследование было проведено с вовлечением всех пациентов с легочным туберкулезом в медицинских центрах города Заболь с 1 января 2015 года по 30 декабря 2020 года. Были изучены мазки мокроты и рентгенологические данные грудной клетки. Результаты каждого пациента были внесены в специально разработанную форму и проанализированы с помощью программы SPSS 22. В исследовании принял участие 101 пациент — 71 женщина и 30 мужчин. Средний возраст пациентов составил 62,68±13,61 года. Частота затемнения легочного рисунка у пациентов с позитивностью мазка 1, 2 и 3 степени составила 71,4, 78,5 и 76,5% соответственно. Частота обнаружения каверн в легких у пациентов с позитивностью мазка 1, 2 и 3 степени составила 11,5, 28,5 и 52,9% соответственно (значение p = 0,001), а частота ретикулонодулярных признаков — 24,2, 7,1 и 0% соответственно. В целом результаты этого исследования показали, что с увеличением степени позитивности мазков (1+, 2+ и 3+) частота формирования каверн в легких существенно увеличивалась, а частота ретикулонодулярных проявлений значительно снижалась. Результаты настоящего исследования могут быть полезны практикующим врачам для диагностики туберкулеза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cross-sectional studies</kwd><kwd>sputum</kwd><kwd>X-ray</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>radiography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кросс-секционные исследования</kwd><kwd>мокрота</kwd><kwd>рентген легких</kwd><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>рентгенография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abedipour F., Tirabadi N.M., Khodaverdi E., Roham M. A Review of drug-resistant tuberculosis, risk factors and TB epidemiology and incidence in sistan and baluchestan province. Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med., 2020, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 4435–4443.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ayaz M., Shaukat F., Raja G. 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