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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1708</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-IVA-1708</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en"><italic>In vitro</italic> antiviral activity of VIFERON® rectal suppositories against SARS-CoV-2</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Противовирусная активность препарата ВИФЕРОН® в форме суппозиториев ректальных <italic>in vitro</italic> в отношении SARS-CoV-2</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-1508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakova-Sivak</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исакова-Сивак</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Isakova-Sivak - PhD, MD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Immunology and Prevention of Viral Infections, A.A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исакова-Сивак Ирина Николаевна - доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией иммунологии и профилактики вирусных инфекций отдела вирусологии им. А.А. Смородинцева.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><email>isakova.sivak@iemspb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8670-8645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Stepanova - PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, A.A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанова Екатерина Алексеевна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела вирусологии им. А.А. Смородинцева.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><email>fedorova.iem@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa G. Rudenko - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of A.A. Smorodintsev Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine.</p><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руденко Лариса Георгиевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом вирусологии им. А.А. Смородинцева.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><email>rudenko.lg@iemspb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-2119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bartov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michael S. Bartov - PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Biologically Active Nanostructures, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology.</p><p>123098, Moscow, Gamaleya str., 18.</p><p>Phone: +7 910 002-29-52.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бартов Михаил Сергеевич – кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории биологически активных наноструктур.</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Гамалеи, 18.</p><p>Тел.: 8 910 002-29-52.</p></bio><email>mike.bartov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-8694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyzhlova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выжлова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugenia N. Vyzhlova - PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Ontogenesis and Interferon System Remediation, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Выжлова Евгения Николаевна - кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории онтогенеза и коррекции системы интерферонов.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><email>evizhlova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1856-8924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malinovskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малиновская</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina V. Malinovskaya - PhD, MD (Biology), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Ontogenesis and Interferon System Remediation, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малиновская Валентина Васильевна - доктор биологических наук, профессор, руководитель лаборатории онтогенеза и коррекции системы интерферонов.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><email>malinovskaya@gamaleya.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Н.Ф. Гамалеи Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Isakova-Sivak I.N., Stepanova E.A., Rudenko L.G., Bartov M.S., Vyzhlova E.N., Malinovskaya V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Исакова-Сивак И.Н., Степанова Е.А., Руденко Л.Г., Бартов М.С., Выжлова Е.Н., Малиновская В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Isakova-Sivak I.N., Stepanova E.A., Rudenko L.G., Bartov M.S., Vyzhlova E.N., Malinovskaya V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исакова-Сивак И.Н., Степанова Е.А., Руденко Л.Г., Бартов М.С., Выжлова Е.Н., Малиновская В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1708">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1708</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2020–2021, the world was engulfed by the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The low population coverage with vaccination against COVID-19 and the lack of herd immunity result in the need to find an effective and safe etiotropic treatment. Medicinal agents for treatment of COVID-19, approved while preparing this publication, have several limitations related to the conditions of their use and/or population category. In this situation, interferon-containing drugs widely used in Russia and the CIS for prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases, i.e. ARVI and influenza, may hold promise. This study aims to confirm <italic>in vitro</italic> antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 for the preparation VIFERON® containing recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (IFNα-2b). <italic>Materials and methods</italic>. Vero CCL-81 cells were infected with hCoV-19/StPetersburg-RII3524VR4/2020 strain of SARS-CoV-2 at doses of 10 TCID<sub>50</sub> or 100 TCID<sub>50</sub> per well. The suppressive effect of IFN-2b, extracted from VIFERON® in dosage form of rectal suppositories, was evaluated by qRT-PCR at 24 h and 48 h after the infection of cells in two schemes, simulating preventive (24 h before infection) and therapeutic (2 h after infection) use of drugs. <italic>Results</italic>. IFNα-2b at concentrations of 800, 400, 200, 100 and 50 IU/ml, extracted from rectal suppositories of VIFERON®, showed high biological activity, displayed as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 strain replication in both infectious doses evaluated either at 24 h or at 48 h after cell infection. The “preventive” vs. “therapeutic” scheme was found to be more effective. In the “preventive” scheme the virus titre decreased by more than 3 lg TCID<sub>50 </sub>at 24 hours post-infection and by 5–6 lg TCID50 at 48 hours post-infection after administration of 800 IU/ml IFNα-2b. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. The study results evidence that VIFERON® in dosage form of rectal suppositories may be promising for prevention and treatment of new coronavirus infection in clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 2020–2021 гг. мир охватила пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), вызываемой вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Низкий охват населения вакцинацией против COVID-19 и отсутствие коллективного иммунитета приводят к необходимости поиска эффективного и безопасного этиотропного средства лечения. Лекарственные препараты для лечения COVID-19, одобренные на момент написания статьи, имеют ряд ограничений, связанных с условиями их применения и/или категорией популяции. В этой ситуации перспективным средством могут стать интерферон-содержащие препараты, широко применяемые в России и странах СНГ для профилактики и лечения вирусных инфекционных заболеваний, в частности ОРВИ и гриппа. Цель данного исследования — подтвердить <italic>in vitro</italic> противовирусную активность лекарственного препарата ВИФЕРОН®, содержащего рекомбинантный человеческий интерферон альфа-2b (IFNα-2b), в отношении SARS-CoV-2. <italic>Материалы и методы</italic>. Культуру клеток Vero CCL-81 заражали штаммом hCoV-19/StPetersburg-RII3524VR4/2020 в дозах 10 TCID<sub>50</sub> или 100 TCID<sub>50</sub> на лунку. Вирус-ингибирующее действие IFNα-2b, экстрагированного из препарата ВИФЕРОН® (суппозитории ректальные) в формах выпуска 150 000 МЕ и 3 000 000 МЕ, оценивали методом qRT-PCR на сроках 24 ч и 48 ч после внесения вируса к клеткам в двух режимах, имитирующих профилактическое (за 24 ч до заражения) и терапевтическое (через 2 ч после заражения) применение препаратов. <italic>Результаты</italic>. IFNα-2b, экстрагированный из препарата ВИФЕРОН® в лекарственной форме «суппозитории ректальные», в концентрациях 800, 400, 200, 100 и 50 МЕ/мл показал высокую биологическую активность, выражающуюся в ингибировании репликации штамма SARS-CoV-2 в обеих заражающих дозах как при оценке через 24 ч, так и через 48 ч после инфицирования клеток. «Профилактическая» схема применения была более эффективной в сравнении с «терапевтической». При профилактической схеме применения инфекционный титр вируса под действием IFNα-2b в концентрации 800 МЕ/мл снижался более чем на 3 lg TCID50 при учете через 24 ч после инфицирования и на 5–6 lg TCID<sub>50</sub> при учете через 48 ч. <italic>Заключение</italic>. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности применения лекарственного препарата ВИФЕРОН® в форме ректальных суппозиториев для профилактики и лечения новой коронавирусной инфекции в клинической практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>VIFERON®</kwd><kwd>interferon alpha</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Vero</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИФЕРОН®</kwd><kwd>интерферон альфа</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-COV-2</kwd><kwd>Vero</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported by FERON LLC.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке ООО «ФЕРОН». 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