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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17028</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-MAG-17028</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular and genetic characterization of LEPTOSPIRA spp. collection strains from the St. Petersburg Pasteur institute based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика коллекционных штаммов LEPTOSPIRA spp. Санкт-Петербургского института Пастера на основе данных секвенирования гена 16S рРНК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baimova</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баимова</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Zoonoses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории зооантропонозных инфекций</p></bio><email>baimova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostankova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of HIV Immunology and Virology; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><email>baimova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Zoonoses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории зооантропонозных инфекций</p></bio><email>baimova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoyanova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стоянова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Zoonoses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории зооантропонозных инфекций</p></bio><email>baimova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tokarevich</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Токаревич</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Zoonoses</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зав. лабораторией зооантропонозных инфекций </p></bio><email>baimova@pasteurorg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St.Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1040</fpage><lpage>1048</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-10"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Baimova R.R., Ostankova Y.V., Blinova O.V., Stoyanova N.A., Tokarevich N.K.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Баимова Р.Р., Останкова Ю.В., Блинова О.В., Стоянова Н.А., Токаревич Н.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baimova R.R., Ostankova Y.V., Blinova O.V., Stoyanova N.A., Tokarevich N.K.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баимова Р.Р., Останкова Ю.В., Блинова О.В., Стоянова Н.А., Токаревич Н.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17028">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/17028</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease found virtually worldwide. Microscopic Agglutination Test with live leptospira (MAT) is the reference method for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. MAT is based on assessing serum potential to agglutinate live reference serovar <italic>Leptospira</italic> maintained at a reference laboratory. At some laboratories having own collections of isolated and reference <italic>Leptospira</italic> strains applicable for serological diagnosis, those microorganisms are maintained for many years by repeated subculturing, that increases markedly a chance of strain cross-contamination. The lack of adequate quality control for reference strains may affect data of epidemiological studies. Control of <italic>Leptospira</italic> spp. reference strains purity and stability of their antigenic composition is very important for diagnosis of leptospirosis. The study objective was to compare the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences of some <italic>Leptospira </italic>strains from the collection of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute to with relevant sequences uploaded to GenBank. In this study, 38 <italic>Leptospira</italic> strains were investigated. Nucleotide sequences of 36 strains were deposited in the international GenBank database, inconsistencies were revealed in two strains. The study found that the control <italic>Leptospira</italic> strains from the collection of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute had minimal dissimilarities from international control strains. The analysis of the resultant 16S rRNA sequences has shown the presence of point mutations, transitions, deletions and insertions, regardless of the strain species. The open leptospira pan-genome demonstrates high genomic variability in species due to the capability of leptospira for lateral gene transfer in order to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The massive acquisition and loss of genes give rise to an increased species diversity. The 16S rRNA gene is suitable for screening diagnostics; however, high level of the fragment similarity and close phylogenetic relationship between different species put bounds to its use in genotyping. The presence of point nucleotide mutations is most likely associated with the evolutionary mechanisms of leptospira, their ability to horizontal gene transfer and crossing-over, including ribosomal genes, but this assumption necessitates additional research. For specimen genotyping it is necessary to select alternative genes with high specificity and sufficient level of nucleotide divergence. The study shows a need for genetic analysis of collection strains in order to control the purity of cultures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Лептоспироз является распространенным практически по всему миру зооантропонозным заболеванием. Эталонным методом для серологической диагностики лептоспироза является реакция микроскопической агглютинации с живыми лептоспирами (РМА). Этот метод основан на оценке способности сыворотки агглютинировать живые бактерии <italic>Leptospira</italic> эталонных сероваров, поддерживаемых в референс-лаборатории. В лабораториях, которые имеют коллекцию собственных изолированных и референсных штаммов <italic>Leptospira</italic>, используемых для серологической диагностики, эти микроорганизмы сохраняются в течение многих лет путем повторного пассирования, что значительно увеличивает шансы кросс-контаминации штаммов. Отсутствие адекватного контроля качества референсных штаммов может отрицательно повлиять на эпидемиологические исследования. Контроль чистоты и постоянства антигенного состава референсных штаммов <italic>Leptospira</italic> spp. имеет большое значение для диагностики лептоспироза. Целью данного исследования было сравнение нуклеотидных последовательностей гена 16S, некоторых коллекционных штаммов лептоспир Санкт-Петербургского Института им. Пастера, с последовательностями, загруженными в международную базу данных. В работе были изучены 38 штаммов лептоспир. Нуклеотидные последовательности 36 штаммов были депонированы в международную базу данных GenBank, в двух штаммах были обнаружены несоответствия. В результате исследования установлено, что контрольные штаммы <italic>Leptospira</italic> из коллекции Санкт-Петербургского института Пастера имеют минимальные отличия от международных контрольных штаммов. Анализ полученных последовательностей региона 16S рРНК, показал наличие точечных мутаций, транзиций, делеций и инсерций, независимо от видовой принадлежности штамма. Открытый пангеном лептоспир демонстрирует высокую геномную вариабельность у видов, что обусловлено способностью лептоспир к латеральному переносу генов, с целью приспособления к изменяющимся условиям среды. Массовое приобретение и потеря генов ведут к увеличению разнообразия видов. Ген 16S рРНК подходит для скрининговой диагностики, однако высокое сходство данного фрагмента и тесное филогенетическое родство разных видов ограничивает его использование для генотипирования. Наличие точечных нуклеотидных мутаций вероятнее всего связано с эволюционными механизмами лептоспир, их способностью к горизонтальному переносу генов и кроссинговеру, в том числе и рибосомальных генов, однако это предположение обуславливает необходимость проведения дополнительных исследований. Для генотипирования образцов необходим подбор альтернативных генов, с высокой специфичностью и достаточным уровнем дивергенции нуклеотидов. Проведенное исследование показывает необходимость проведения генетического анализа коллекционных штаммов с целью контроля чистоты культур.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>leptospirosis</kwd><kwd>leptospira</kwd><kwd>16S rRNA</kwd><kwd>collection</kwd><kwd>zoonotic disease</kwd><kwd>cultivating</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лептоспироз</kwd><kwd>лептоспира</kwd><kwd>16S рРНК</kwd><kwd>коллекции</kwd><kwd>зоонозные заболевания</kwd><kwd>культивирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Киселева Е.Ю., Бренева Н.В., Лемешевская М.В., Бурданова Т.М. Завозной случай лептоспироза с летальным исходом из Вьетнама в Иркутскую область // Инфекционные болезни. 2014. Т. 12, № 3. С. 95–99. [Kiseleva E.Yu., Breneva N.V., Lemeshevskaya M.V., Burdanova T.M. An imported case of leptospirosis with a lethal outcome from Vietnam to the Irkutsk region. 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