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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1698</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-CSO-1698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical significance of <italic>Streptococcus</italic> members in developing periodontitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническое значение представителей рода <italic>Streptococcus</italic> при развитии пародонтита</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3200-5538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhutova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бажутова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Dentistry, Institute of Professional Education, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>443079, Samara, Gagarina str., 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры стоматологии института профессионального образования.</p><p>443079, Самара, ул. Гагарина, 18.</p></bio><email>docba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4283-907X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismatullin</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исматуллин</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danir D. Ismatullin - Assistant Professor, Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>443079, Samara, Gagarina str., 18.</p><p>Phone: +7 (846) 260-33-61.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исматуллин Данир Дамирович - ассистент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>443079, Самара, ул. Гагарина, 18.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (846) 260-33-61.</p></bio><email>danirhalitov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>443079, Samara, Gagarina str., 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>443079, Самара, ул. Гагарина, 18.</p></bio><email>avlyamin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-7976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trunin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трунин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Dentistry, Institute of Professional Education, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>443079, Samara, Gagarina str., 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой стоматологии института профессионального образования.</p><p>443079, Самара, ул. Гагарина, 18.</p></bio><email>trunin-027933@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-830X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhestkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жестков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of General and Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>443079, Samara, Gagarina str., 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заслуженный деятель науки РФ, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической микробиологии, иммунологии и аллергологии.</p><p>443079, Самара, ул. Гагарина, 18.</p></bio><email>avzhestkov2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Razumnyj</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разумный</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Dentistry, Institute of Professional Education, Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>443079, Samara, Gagarina str., 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры стоматологии института профессионального образования.</p><p>443079, Самара, ул. Гагарина, 18.</p></bio><email>razumnyy63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Bazhutova I.V., Ismatullin D.D., Lyamin A.V., Trunin D.A., Zhestkov A.V., Razumnyj V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Бажутова И.В., Исматуллин Д.Д., Лямин А.В., Трунин Д.А., Жестков А.В., Разумный В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bazhutova I.V., Ismatullin D.D., Lyamin A.V., Trunin D.A., Zhestkov A.V., Razumnyj V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бажутова И.В., Исматуллин Д.Д., Лямин А.В., Трунин Д.А., Жестков А.В., Разумный В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1698">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1698</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are one of the most numerous and diverse representatives in the normal biocenosis of human organs and systems particularly being abundant as obligatory inhabitants of the oral cavity. All streptococci are divided into six groups: <italic>S. mitis, S. anginosus, S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. bovis </italic>and <italic>S. pyogenes</italic>, among which their certain number may potentially participate in the infectious process of developing periodontitis. Owing to the presence of a wide range of adhesion, invasion and colonization factors, they are capable of performing a protective function such as colonization resistance, but they may also cause formation of a pathological process in the tooth tissues and dento-facial system. The most prominent adhesion factors are antigens I/II (Ag I/II), fibronectin, collagen, laminin, fibrinogen binding proteins, serine-rich glycoproteins, pili, protein M, proteases, C5a peptidases, and the presence of a tooth capsule. Among the complex of proteolytic enzymes, it is important to note that streptococci contain enzymes hyaluronidase and lyase, which cleave the β1,4 bond between N-acetylglucosamine and d-glucuronic acid as the components of hyaluronic acid being a part of the connective tissues. The members of the <italic>S. anginosus</italic> group are able to release chondroitin sulfatase, which destroys chondroitin sulfates as specific components in cartilage, ligaments and other connective tissue structures. The enzymes noted contribute to a deeper spread of microorganisms in host tissues. Pathological processes associated with the development of periodontitis comprise a complex problem, wherein several important elements take part, including an infectious agent, a macroorganismal response in the form of nonspecific and adaptive immunity, as well as involvement of anti-inflammatory components. A great number of studies in research literature are dedicated to describe to participation of the members within the “red”, “orange” and “green” complexes as the principal components in developing periodontitis. Whereas the “yellow” and the “purple” complex play a more protective role by acting as antagonists while interacting with periodontopathogens, but it should not be ruled out a potential participation for some representatives, particularly <italic>S. intermedius, S. gordonii, A. odontolyticus, A. naeslundii</italic> in developing periodontal disease. Altogether, it poses a problem, which may be solved solely based on a multidisciplinary approach by inviting not only dentists and bacteriologists but also researchers of other specialties. Here we review the studies found in international and national data bases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, RSCI.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бактерии рода <italic>Streptococcus</italic> являются одними из самых многочисленных и разнообразных представителей нормального биоценоза органов и систем организма человека, в частности в значительном количестве они постоянно населяют ротовую полость. Все стрептококки разделены на шесть групп: <italic>S. mitis, S. anginosus, S. salivarius, S. mutans, S. bovis</italic> и <italic>S. pyogenes</italic>, в которых имеется определенное количество потенциальных участников инфекционного процесса при развитии пародонтитов. Благодаря наличию широкого арсенала факторов адгезии, инвазии и колонизации они способны выполнять защитную функцию в форме, например, колонизационной резистентности, но также могут быть и причиной формирования патологического процесса в тканях зуба и зубочелюстной системы. К наиболее выраженным факторам адгезии можно отнести следующие: антигены I/II (Ag I/II), фибронектин, коллаген, ламинин, фибриноген-связывающие белки, богатые серином гликопротеины, пили, белок M, протеазы, C5a пептидазы и наличие капсулы. В комплексе протеолитических ферментов важно отметить наличие у стрептококков гиалуронидазы — фермента из класса лиаз, который расщепляет связь β1,4 между N-ацетилглюкозамином и d-глюкуроновой кислотой, являющихся компонентами гиалуроновой кислоты, входящей в состав соединительных тканей. У представителей <italic>S. anginosus</italic> имеется способность выделять хондроитинсульфатазу, разрушающую хондроитинсульфаты, являющиеся специфическими компонентами хрящей, связок и других соединительнотканных структур. Перечисленные ферменты способствуют более глубокому распространению микроорганизмов в тканях. В настоящее время пародонтит рассматривается как комплексный процесс, в развитии которого принимают участие несколько важных элементов, включая инфекционный агент, ответную реакцию макроорганизма в виде неспецифического и адаптивного иммунитета. В научной литературе большая часть работ посвящена участию представителей «красного», «оранжевого» и «зеленого» комплексов как главных компонентов развития пародонтитов. В то же время «желтый» совместно с «пурпурным» комплексом выполняют в большей степени протективную роль, выступая в качестве антагонистов при взаимодействии с пародонтопатогенами, однако не стоит исключать возможной роли некоторых представителей, в частности <italic>S. intermedius, S. gordonii, A. odontolyticus, A. naeslundii</italic>, в развитии пародонтита. Все это создает проблему, решение которой возможно лишь исходя из мультидисциплинарного подхода, с привлечением не только стоматологов и бактериологов, но и врачей других специальностей. При подготовке обзора использовались источники литературы из международных и отечественных баз данных Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, РИНЦ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus</kwd><kwd>pathogenic factors</kwd><kwd>periodontal pathogenic complexes</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>clinical significance</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стрептококки</kwd><kwd>факторы патогенности</kwd><kwd>пародонтопатогенные комплексы</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>клиническое значение</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Baca-Castañón M.L., De la Garza-Ramos M.A., Alcázar-Pizaña A.G., Grondin Y., Coronado-Mendoza A., Sánchez-Najera R.I., Cárdenas-Estrada E., Medina-De la Garza C.E., Escamilla-García E. 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