Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1687410.15789/2220-7619-EOU-16874ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleAutoimmune disorders in patients with granulomatosis diseases after COVID-19: T- and B-cells subsets functionАутоиммунные нарушения у больных гранулематозными заболеваниями после COVID-19: функционирование субпопуляций Т- и В-клетокStarshinovaA. A.СтаршиноваА. А.
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Head Researcher, Laboratory of Probabilistic Methods of Analysis, Mathematics Department; Head of the Research Department

д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории вероятностных методов анализа математического факультета; начальник Управления научными исследованиями

arrubin6@mail.ruKudryavtsevI. V.КудрявцевИ. В.
Russian Federation

PhD (Biology), Head of the Cell Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology

к.б.н., зав. лабораторией клеточной иммунологии отдела иммунологии

arrubin6@mail.ruRubinsteinA. A.РубинштейнА. А.
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Cell Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной иммунологии отдела иммунологии

arrubin6@mail.ruMalkovaA.МалковаА.
Israel

PhD Student, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences

аспирант кафедры молекулярной биологии факультета естественных наук

arrubin6@mail.ruLingH.ЛинХ.
China

DSc (Medicine), Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology

д.м.н., кафедра микробиологии, иммунологии; ключевая лаборатория инфекций и иммунитета провинции Хэйлунцзян; ключевая лаборатория биологии патогенов

arrubin6@mail.ruZhuangM.ЧжуанМ.
China

DSc (Medicine), Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology

д.м.н., кафедра микробиологии, иммунологии; ключевая лаборатория инфекций и иммунитета провинции Хэйлунцзян; ключевая лаборатория биологии патогенов

arrubin6@mail.ruStarshinovaA. Yu.СтаршиноваА. Ю.
Russian Federation

Student of Medicine Department

студент медицинского факультета

arrubin6@mail.ruDovgalukI. F.ДовгалюкИ. Ф.
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Leading Researcher, Head of Pediatric Tuberculosis Department

д.м.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. отделением детского туберкулеза

arrubin6@mail.ruKudlayD. A.КудлайД. А.
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Professor of Pharmacology Department, Institute of Pharmacy; Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine and Molecular Immunology

д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии Института фармации; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории персонализированной медицины и молекулярной иммунологии

arrubin6@mail.ruSt. Petersburg State UniversityФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетAlmazov National Medical Research CentreФГБУ Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени АлмазоваInstitution of Experimental MedicineФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медициныAriel UniversityУниверситет АриэльHarbin Medical UniversityХарбинский медицинский университетSt. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетSt. Petersburg Research Institute of PhthisiopulmonologyФГБУ Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)Institute of Immunology FMBA of RussiaФГБУ ГНЦ Институт иммунологии ФМБА России25032024050620241422512660410202321032024Copyright ©; 2024, Starshinova A.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Rubinstein A.A., Malkova A., Ling H., Zhuang M., Starshinova A.Y., Dovgaluk I.F., Kudlay D.A.Copyright ©; 2024, Старшинова А.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Рубинштейн А.А., Малкова А., Лин Х., Чжуан М., Старшинова А.Ю., Довгалюк И.Ф., Кудлай Д.А.2024Starshinova A.A., Kudryavtsev I.V., Rubinstein A.A., Malkova A., Ling H., Zhuang M., Starshinova A.Y., Dovgaluk I.F., Kudlay D.A.Старшинова А.А., Кудрявцев И.В., Рубинштейн А.А., Малкова А., Лин Х., Чжуан М., Старшинова А.Ю., Довгалюк И.Ф., Кудлай Д.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/16874

Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are both granulomatous diseases that have many similarities, making the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis difficult, as well as leading to inappropriate treatment selection of both diseases. Autoimmune inflammation (AI) is one of the processes identified tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Current evidences about the risk and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patient with sarcoidosis and M. tuberculosis co-infection are still not well understood. SARS-CoV-2 has direct damage to the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, and in-directly due to circulatory disorders. Materials and methods. In the study we analyzed characteristics of autoimmune response in patients with granulomatosis diseases (tuberculosis and sarcoidosis) after COVID-19. We have analyzed articles for the period of December 2019 to March 2023, published in international database (“Medline”, “PubMed”, “Scopus”). The keywords we used “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “tuberculosis”, “sarcoidosis”, “granulomatosis diseases”, “T cells”, “B cells”, “Treg”, “follicular Treg” and “Treg subsets”. The narrative review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA protocol (http://www.prisma-statement.org) used for this type of study (ID-423604). Results. The influence of COVID-19 infection can also make a significant contribution to the violation of the T- and B-cell immune response, the violation of the nature of cellular metabolism, which will affect the course of granulomatous inflammation in various ways. According to the different researches, autoimmune inflammation can be an important protective mechanism in sarcoidosis and, at the same time, exacerbates the course of tuberculosis infection with the disease progression and pathogen drug resistance formation subsequently. The study of immune response features in patients with COVID-19 showed the presence of several similar characteristics in cellular components of the immune response. Conclusion. Evidence of the presence of autoimmune inflammation in patients with these granulomatous lung diseases, the development of patient immunotypes, including the transferred COVID-19, will be a significant contribution to the development of personalized patient management tactics, taking into account the identified violations of the immune response mechanisms.

Саркоидоз и туберкулез являются гранулематозными патологиями, имеющими большое количество схожих черт, из-за которых возникают трудности в дифференциальной диагностике этих заболеваний, что в дальнейшем приводит к неправильному выбору тактики лечения пациентов. Аутоиммунное воспаление (АВ) является одним из процессов, выявленных как при туберкулезе, так и при саркоидозе. Текущие данные о риске и клинических исходах инфекции COVID-19 у пациентов с саркоидозом либо с сочетанной инфекцией M. tuberculosis все еще недостаточно изучены. SARS-CoV-2 оказывает как прямое патологическое действие на эпителиальные клетки дыхательной системы, так и опосредованное за счет нарушений кровообращения. Материалы и методы. В этом исследовании мы изучили особенности аутоиммунного ответа у пациентов с гранулематозными заболеваниями (туберкулезом и саркоидозом) после COVID-19. Мы проанализировали статьи с декабря 2019 по март 2023 г., опубликованные в международных базах данных («Medline», «PubMed», «Scopus»). Ключевые слова, которые мы использовали: «COVID-19», «SARS-CoV-2», «туберкулез», «саркоидоз», «гранулематозные заболевания», «Т-клетки», «В-клетки», «Treg», «фолликулярный Treg» и «Подмножества Treg». Описательный обзор проводился в соответствии с протоколом PRISMA (http://www.prisma-statement.org), используемым для этого типа исследования (ID-423604). Результаты. COVID-19 вносит существенный вклад в нарушение Т- и В-клеточного иммунного ответа. Коронавирусная инфекция может изменить и характер клеточного метаболизма, что отразится на течении гранулематозного воспаления. По данным различных исследований, аутоиммунный компонент может быть важным защитным механизмом при саркоидозе и, в то же время, он способен усугублять течение туберкулезной инфекции, приводить к прогрессированию заболевания с формированием в дальнейшем лекарственной устойчивости возбудителя. Изучение особенностей иммунного ответа у пациентов с COVID-19 и пациентов с интерстициальными заболеваниями легких показало наличие ряда схожих характеристик у клеточных компонентов иммунного ответа. Заключение. Доказательства наличия аутоиммунного воспаления у пациентов с данными гранулематозными заболеваниями легких, определение иммунотипов пациентов, в том числе перенесших COVID-19, будут вносить существенный вклад в разработку персонализированной тактики ведения пациентов с учетом выявленных нарушений механизмов иммунного ответа.

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