<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1679</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-CDO-1679</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Current development of <italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> eradication protocols</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современное развитие схем эрадикации <italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdeeva</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздеева</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Internal and Family Medicine, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education.</p><p>Kazan.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры терапии и семейной медицины.</p><p>Казань.</p></bio><email>pozdeevoskar@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdeev</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздеев</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</p><p>Kazan.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры микробиологии.</p><p>Казань.</p></bio><email>pozdeevoskar@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaev</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляев</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology named after academician V.M. Aristovsky, Kazan State Medical University.</p><p>Kazan.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассистент кафедры микробиологии имени академика В.М. Аристовского.</p><p>Казань.</p></bio><email>just-esteto@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1029-4511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valeeva</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валеева</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Valeeva - PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Emergency and Simulation Medicine, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University.</p><p>420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya str., 18.</p><p>Phone: +7 937 611-11-55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валеева Юлия Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины.</p><p>420008, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18.</p><p>Тел.: 8 937 611-11-55</p></bio><email>val_iulia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology named after academician V.M. Aristovsky, Kazan State Medical University</p><p>Kazan.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии имени академика В.М. Аристовского.</p><p>Казань.</p></bio><email>kazan-55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанская государственная медицинская академия — филиал РМАНПО МЗ РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РТ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1037</fpage><lpage>1049</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-02-09"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Pozdeeva A.O., Pozdeev O.K., Gulyaev P.E., Valeeva Y.V., Savinova A.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Поздеева А.О., Поздеев О.К., Гуляев П.Е., Валеева Ю.В., Савинова А.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pozdeeva A.O., Pozdeev O.K., Gulyaev P.E., Valeeva Y.V., Savinova A.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поздеева А.О., Поздеев О.К., Гуляев П.Е., Валеева Ю.В., Савинова А.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1679">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1679</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>H. pylori </italic>is one of the most common commensal microorganisms in the human body, colonizing up to 60% of the inhabitants of all continents. Some strains of <italic>H. pylori</italic> have acquired virulent properties and their presence can significantly complicate the course of atrophic gastritis of type B, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, as well as malignant diseases of the stomach. In such situations, eradication therapy seems to be pathogenetically justified. International recommendations for standard first-line triple eradication therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin and clarithromycin in a course of 7–10 days, were proposed in 1996. Until the beginning of the XXI century, it was actively and with high efficiency (up to 90%) used everywhere, but later reports began to appear about a catastrophic decrease in results (up to 60%). Then it turned out that the effectiveness of the three-component (triple) therapy directly correlates with the resistance to clarithromycin, which has increased significantly in recent decades, and so necessitated the creation of new H. pylori elimination schemes. The results of various schemes for <italic>H. pylori</italic> eradication were analyzed, including variants of modified triple therapy associated with the inclusion of new drugs or an increase in the duration of eradication. In particular, it was proposed to replace amoxicillin with metronidazole. However, further studies have shown that the combination of clarithromycin with amoxicillin seems to be preferable, which is due to the high level of <italic>H. pylori</italic> resistance to metronidazole in many countries. Attempts to use probiotics in parallel, in particular cultures of various <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> species, were analyzed, which increases the level of eradication during standard triple therapy from 61.5 to 81.6%, and also significantly reduces the severity of side effects. It has been shown that a promising way to increase the effectiveness of 7-day first-line therapy schemes with clarithromycin is the use of modern effective PPIs (for example, esomeprazole or rabeprazole). The scheme of modified sequential therapy with the replacement of clarithromycin with tetracycline or levofloxacin, which has shown high efficiency, is considered. A variant of standard triple therapy modified into quadrotherapy with the addition of metronidazole or tinidazole was analyzed. It has been shown that the sequential therapy scheme is ineffective for eradication of multidrug-resistant strains. Ideally, the treatment of bacterial infections should be based on endoscopic sampling of gastric mucosa biopsies, followed by microbiological determination of the sensitivity of the isolated isolates to antibacterial drugs <italic>in vitro.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Helicobacter pylori</italic> — один из наиболее распространенных микроорганизмов-комменсалов человека, колонизирующий до 60% жителей всех континентов. Некоторые штаммы <italic>H. pylori</italic> приобрели вирулентные свойства, и их присутствие может существенно осложнять течение атрофического гастрита типа В, язвенной болезни желудка и 12-перстной кишки, а также способствовать развитию злокачественных заболеваний желудка. В подобных ситуациях проведение эрадикационной терапии представляется патогенетически оправданным. Международные рекомендации по проведению стандартной тройной эрадикационной терапии первой линии, включающей ингибитор протонной помпы (ИПП), амоксициллин и кларитромицин курсом в 7–10 дней, были предложены в 1996 г. До начала XXI в. ее активно и с высокой эффективностью (до 90%) применяли повсеместно, однако позднее стали появляться сообщения о катастрофическом снижении результатов подобной схемы лечения (до 60%). Затем выяснилось, что эффективность трехкомпонентной (тройной) терапии прямо коррелирует с резистентностью к кларитромицину, существенно возросшей в последние десятилетия, что вызвало необходимость создания новых схем элиминации хеликобактеров. Были проанализированы результаты различных современных схем эрадикации <italic>H. рylori</italic>, в том числе варианты модифицированной тройной терапии, связанные с включением в схему новых препаратов либо увеличением продолжительности эрадикации: в частности, было предложено заменить амоксициллин на метронидазол. Однако дальнейшие исследования показали, что сочетание кларитромицина с амоксициллином представляется более предпочтительным, что обусловлено высоким уровнем резистентности <italic>H. pylori</italic> к метронидазолу во многих странах. Были проанализированы попытки параллельного применения пробиотиков, в частности культур различных видов <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>. Установлено увеличение уровня эрадикации при проведении стандартной тройной терапии с 61,5 до 81,6%, а также достоверное снижение выраженности побочных эффектов. Показано, что перспективным путем повышения эффективности 7-дневных схем терапии первой линии с кларитромицином является применение современных эффективных ИПП (например, эзомепразола или рабепразола). Рассмотрена схема модифицированной последовательной терапии с заменой кларитромицина на тетрациклин или левофлоксацин, показавшая высокую эффективность. Проанализирован вариант стандартной тройной терапии, модифицированный в квадротерапию дополнением метронидазола или тинидазола. Показано, что схема последовательной терапии неэффективна для эрадикации полирезистентных штаммов. В идеале лечение бактериальных инфекций должно базироваться на проведении эндоскопического забора биоптатов слизистой желудка с последующим микробиологическим определением чувствительности выделенных изолятов к антибактериальным препаратам <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd><kwd>Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy</kwd><kwd>proton pump inhibitor</kwd><kwd>clarithromycin</kwd><kwd>levofloxacin</kwd><kwd>metronidazole</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd><kwd>эрадикационная терапия Helicobacter pylori</kwd><kwd>ингибитор протонной помпы</kwd><kwd>кларитромицин</kwd><kwd>левофлоксацин</kwd><kwd>метронидазол</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Кудрявцева Л.В., Исаков В.А., Иваников И.О. Резистентность H. pylori к метронидазолу, кларитромицину и амоксициллину в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Абакане в 2001 г. // Педиатрия. 2002. № 2. С. 61–63.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Кудрявцева Л.В., Исаков В.А., Щербаков П.Л., Иваников И.О., Минаев В.И. Динамика резистентности штаммов Helicobacter pylori к антибиотикам у городского населения в России в 1996–1998 гг. // Helicobacter pylori: революция в гастроэнтерологии / Под ред. В.Т. Ивашкина, Ф. Мегро, Т.Л. Лапиной. Москва: Триада-Х, 1999. С. 191–196.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3.	Старостин Б.Д. Опыт использования двухэтапной антихеликобактерной терапии // Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2008. № 5 (S32). С. 38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4.	Ткаченко Е.И., Авалуева Е.Б., Успенский Ю.П., Волков М.Ю., Сказываева Е.В., Барышникова Н.В., Можелис Ю.В., Захарченко М.М. Эрадикационная терапия, включающая пробиотики: консенсус эффективности и безопасности // Клиническое питание. 2005. № 1. С. 14–20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>5.	Хавкин А.И., Блат С.Ф. Роль пробиотической терапии при инфекции Helicobacter pylori у детей // Детские инфекции. 2007. № 4. С. 53–58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>6.	Ahmad K., Fatemeh F., Mehri N., Maryam S. Probiotics for the treatment of pediatric helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized double blind clinical trial. Iran. J. Pediatr., 2013, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 79–84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>7.	Baik S.J., Yi S.Y., Park H.S., Park B.H. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in female Vietnamese immigrants to Korea. World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 517–521. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i6.517</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>8.	Berning M., Krasz S., Miehlke S. Should quinolones come first in Helicobacter pylori therapy? Therap. Adv. Gastroenterol., 2011, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 103–114. doi: 10.1177/1756283X10384171</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>9.	Buckley M.J., Xia H.X., Hyde D.M., Keane C.T., O’Morain C.A. Metronidazole resistance reduces efficacy of triple therapy and leads to secondary clarithromycin resistance. Dig. Dis. Sci., 1997, vol. 42, no. 10, pp. 2111–2115. doi: 10.1023/a:1018882804607</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>10.	Calvet X., García N., López T., Gisbert J.P., Gene E., Roque M. A meta-analysis of short versus long therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and either metronidazole or amoxycillin for treating Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2000, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 603–609. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00744.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>11.	Cetinkaya Z.A., Sezikli M., Güzelbulut F., Coşgun S., Düzgün S., Kurdaş O.Ö. Comparison of the efficacy of the two tetracycline-containing sequential therapy regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: 5 days versus 14 days amoxicillin. Helicobacter, 2010, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 143–147.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>12.	Chey W.D., Wong B.C. American College of Gastroenterology Guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2007, vol. 102, no. 8, pp. 1808–1825. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01393.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>13.	Choi H.S., Chun H.J., Park S.H., Keum B., Seo Y.S., Kim Y.S., Jeen Y.T., Um S.H., Lee H.S., Kim C.D., Ryu H.S. Comparison of sequential and 7-, 10-, 14-days triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, vol. 18, no. 19, pp. 2377–2382. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i19.2377</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>14.	Choi W.H., Park D.I., Oh S.J., Baek Y.H., Hong C.H., Hong E.J., Song M.J., Park S.K., Park J.H., Kim H.D., Cho Y.K., Sohn C.I., Jeon W.K., Kim B.I. Effectiveness of 10 day-sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea. Korean J. Gastroenterol., 2008, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 280–284.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>15.	Chuah S.K., Tsay F.W., Hsu P.I., Wu D.C. A new look at anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy. World J. Gastroenterol., 2011, vol. 17, no. 35, pp. 3971–3975. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i35.3971</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>16.	Current European concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. The Maastricht Consensus Report. European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group. Gut, 1997, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 8–13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>17.	De Francesco V., Giorgio F., Hassan C., Manes G., Vannella L., Panella C., Ierardi E., Zullo A. Worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. J. Gastrointestin. Liver Dis., 2010, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 409–414.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>18.	De Francesco V., Hassan C., Ridola L., Giorgio F., Ierardi E., Zullo A. Sequential, concomitant and hybrid first-line therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective randomized study. J. Med. Microbiol., 2014, vol. 63, pt. 5, pp. 748–752. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.072322-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>19.	De Francesco V., Zullo A., Hassan C., Faleo D., Enzo I., Panella C., Morini S. Two new treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomised study. Dig. Liver Dis., 2001, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 676–679. doi: 10.1177/1756283X09343326</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>20.	Du Y.Q., Su T., Fan J.G., Lu Y.X., Zheng P., Li X.H., Guo C.Y., Xu P., Gong Y.F., Li Z.S. Ajuvant probiotics improve the eradication effect of triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J. Gastroenterol., 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 6302–6307. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i43.6302</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>21.	Federico A., Nardone G., Gravina A.G., Iovene M.R., Miranda A., Compare D., Pilloni P.A., Rocco A., Ricciardiello L., Marmo R., Loguercio C., Romano M. Efficacy of 5-day levofloxacin-containing concomitant therapy in eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gastroenterology, 2012, vol. 143, no. 1, pp. 55–61. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.03.043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>22.	Filipec Kanizaj T., Katicic M., Skurla B., Ticak M., Plecko V., Kalenic S. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy success regarding different treatment period based on clarithromycin or metronidazole triple-therapy regimens. Helicobacter, 2009, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 29–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00656.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>23.	Fischbach L., Evans E.L. Meta-analysis: the effect of antibiotic resistance status on the efficacy of triple and quadruple first-line therapies for Helicobacter pylori. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2007, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 343–357. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03386.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>24.	Fock K.M., Katelaris P., Sugano K., Ang T.L., Hunt R., Talley N.J., Lam S.K., Xiao S.D., Tan H.J., Wu C.Y., Jung H.C., Hoang B.H., Kachintorn U., Goh K.L., Chiba T., Rani A.A.; Second Asia-Pacific Conference. Second Asia-Pacific Consensus Guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2009, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1587–1600. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05982.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>25.	Ford A., Moayyedi P. How can the current strategies for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy be improved? Can. J. Gastroenterol., 2003, vol. 17, suppl. B, pp. 36B–40B. doi: 10.1155/2003/714124</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>26.	Fuccio L., Minardi M.E., Zagari R.M., Grilli D., Magrini N., Dazzoli F. Meta-analysis: duration of first-line proton-pump inhibitor based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Ann. Intern. Med., 2007, vol. 147, no. 8, pp. 553–562.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>27.	Gatta L., Vakil N., Leandro G., Di Mario F., Vaira D. Sequential therapy or triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in adults and children. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2009, vol. 104, no. 12, pp. 3069–3079. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.555</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>28.	Georgopoulos S., Papastergiou V., Xirouchakis E., Laudi F., Lisgos P., Spiliadi C., Papantoniou N., Karatapanis S. Nonbismuth quadruple “concomitant” therapy versus standard triple therapy, both of the duration of 10 days, for first-line H. pylori eradication: a randomized trial. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2013, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 228–232. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31826015b0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>29.	Georgopoulos S., Papastergiou V., Xirouchakis E., Laudi F., Papantoniou N., Lisgos P., Spiliadi C., Fragou P., Skorda L., Karatapanis S. Evaluation of a four-drug, three-antibiotic, nonbismuth-containing “concomitant” therapy as first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen in Greece. Helicobacter, 2012, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 49–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00911.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>30.	Georgopoulos S.D., Xirouchakis E., Martinez-Gonzalez B., Sgouras D.N., Spiliadi C., Mentis A.F., Laoudi F. Clinical evaluation of a ten-day regimen with esomeprazole, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a high clarithromycin resistance area. Helicobacter, 2013, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 459–467. doi: 10.1111/hel.12062</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>31.	Gisbert J.P., Bermejo F., Castro-Fernández M., Pérez-Aisa A., Fernández-Bermejo M., Tomas A., Barrio J., Bory F., Almela P., Sánchez-Pobre P., Cosme A., Ortiz V., Niño P., Khorrami S., Benito L.M., Carneros J.A., Lamas E., Modolell I., Franco A., Ortuño J., Rodrigo L., García-Durán F., O’Callaghan E., Ponce J., Valer M.P., Calvet X.; H. pylori Study Group of the Asociación Española de Gastroenterología. Second-line rescue therapy with levofloxacin after H. pylori treatment failure: a Spanish multicenter study of 300 patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2008, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 71–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01500.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>32.	Gisbert J.P., Calvet X., O’Connor A., Mégraud F., O’Morain C.A. Sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a critical review. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2010, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 313–325. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181c8a1a3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>33.	Goldman C.G., Barrado D.A., Balcarce N., Rua E.C., Oshiro M., Calcagno M.L., Janjetic M., Fuda J., Weill R., Salgueiro M.J., Valencia M.E., Zubillaga M.B., Boccio J.R. Effect of a probiotic food as an adjuvant to triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Nutrition, 2006, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 984–988. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.06.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>34.	Graham D.Y., Fischbach L. Helicobacter pylori treatment in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance. Gut, 2010, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 1143–1153. doi: 10.1136/gut.2009.192757</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>35.	Graham D.Y., Lee Y.C., Wu M.S. Rational Helicobacter pylori therapy: evidence-based medicine rather than medicine-based evidence. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2014, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 177–186. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>36.	Graham D.Y., Shiotani A. New concepts of resistance in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections. Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2008, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 321–331. doi: 10.1038/ncpgasthep1138</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>37.	Greenberg E.R., Anderson G.L., Morgan D.R., Torres J., Chey W.D., Bravo L.E., Dominguez R.L., Ferreccio C., Herrero R., Lazcano-Ponce E.C., Meza-Montenegro M.M., Peña R., Peña E.M., Salazar-Martínez E., Correa P., Martínez M.E., Valdivieso M., Goodman G.E., Crowley J.J., Baker L.H. 14-day triple, 5-day concomitant, and 10-day sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in seven Latin American sites: a randomised trial. Lancet, 2011, vol. 378, no. 9790, pp. 507–514. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60825-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>38.	Horiki N., Omata F., Uemura M., Suzuki S., Ishii N., Iizuka Y., Fukuda K., Fujita Y., Katsurahara M., Ito T., Cesar G.E., Imoto I., Takei Y. Annual change of primary resistance to clarithromycin among Helicobacter pylori isolates from 1996 through 2008 in Japan. Helicobacter, 2009, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 86–90. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00714.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>39.	Horvath A., Dziechciarz P., Szajewska H. Meta-analysis: sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2012, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 534–541. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05229.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>40.	Huang Y.K., Wu M.C., Wang S.S., Kuo C.H., Lee Y.C., Chang L.L., Wang T.H., Chen Y.H., Wang W.M., Wu D.C., Kuo F.C. Lansoprazole-based sequential and concomitant therapy for the first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication. J. Dig. Dis., 2012, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 232–238. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00575.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>41.	Hurduc V., Plesca D., Dragomir D., Sajin M., Vandenplas Y. A randomized, open trial evaluating the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Acta Paediatr., 2009, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 127–131. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00977.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>42.	Jafri N.S., Hornung C.A., Howden C.W. Meta-analysis: sequential therapy appears superior to standard therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients naive to treatment. Ann. Intern. Med., 2008, vol. 148, no. 13, pp. 923–931. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00226</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>43.	Karatapanis S., Georgopoulos S.D., Papastergiou V., Skorda L., Papantoniou N., Lisgos P., Kouvidou C., Fragkou P., Mentis A. 7, 10 and 14-days rabeprazole-based standard triple therapies for H. pylori eradication: are they still effective? A randomized trial. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg., 2011, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 407–412.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>44.	Kate V., Kalayarasan R., Ananthakrishnan N. Sequential therapy versus standard triple-drug therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a systematic review of recent evidence. Drugs, 2013, vol. 73, no. 8, pp. 815–824. doi: 10.1007/s40265-013-0053-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>45.	Kim S.Y., Lee S.W., Hyun J.J., Jung S.W., Koo J.S., Yim H.J., Park J.J., Chun H.J., Choi J.H. Comparative study of Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with 5-day quadruple “concomitant” therapy and 7-day standard triple therapy. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2013, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 21–24. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182548ad4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>46.	Kongchayanun C., Vilaichone R.K., Pornthisarn B., Amornsawadwattana S., Mahachai V. Pilot studies to identify the optimum duration of concomitant Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in Thailand. Helicobacter, 2012, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 282–285. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00953.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>47.	Lee S.K., Lee S.W., Park J.Y., Kwon B.S., Kim S.Y., Hyun J.J., Kim J.H., Jung S.W., Koo J.S., Yim H.J., Choi J.H. Effectiveness and safety of repeated quadruple therapy in Helicobacter pylori infection after failure of second-line quadruple therapy: repeated quadruple therapy as a third-line therapy. Helicobacter, 2011, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 410–414. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00870.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>48.	Lim J.H., Lee D.H., Choi C., Lee S.T., Kim N., Jeong S.H., Kim J.W., Hwang J.H., Park Y.S., Lee S.H. Clinical outcomes of two-week sequential and concomitant therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized pilot study. Helicobacter, 2013, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 180–186. doi: 10.1111/hel.12034</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>49.	Lionetti E., Miniello V.L., Castellaneta S.P., Magistá A.M., de Canio A., Maurogiovanni G., Ierardi E., Cavallo L., Francavilla R. Lactobacillus reuteri therapy to reduce side-effects during anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment in children: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2006, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1461–1468. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03145.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>50.	Liou J.M., Chen C.C., Chen M.J., Chen C.C., Chang C.Y., Fang Y.J., Lee J.Y., Hsu S.J., Luo J.C., Chang W.H., Hsu Y.C., Tseng C.H., Tseng P.H., Wang H.P., Yang U.C., Shun C.T., Lin J.T., Lee Y.C., Wu M.S.; Taiwan Helicobacter Consortium. Sequential versus triple therapy for the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori: a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet, 2013, vol. 381, no. 9862, pp. 205–213. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61579-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>51.	Luther J., Higgins P.D., Schoenfeld P.S., Moayyedi P., Vakil N., Chey W.D. Empiric quadruple vs. triple therapy for primary treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 2010, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 65–73. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.508</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>52.	Malfertheiner P., Bazzoli F., Delchier J.C., Celiñski K., Giguère M., Rivière M., Mégraud F.; Pylera Study Group. Helicobacter pylori eradication with a capsule containing bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline given with omeprazole versus clarithromycin-based triple therapy: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 2011, vol. 377, no. 9769, pp. 905–913. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60020-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>53.	Malfertheiner P., Megraud F., O’Morain C.A., Atherton J., Axon A.T., Bazzoli F., Gensini G.F., Gisbert J.P., Graham D.Y., Rokkas T., El-Omar E.M., Kuipers E.J.; European Helicobacter Study Group. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut, 2012, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 646–664. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302084</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>54.	Malfertheiner P., Megraud F., O’Morain C., Bazzoli F., El-Omar E., Graham D., Hunt R., Rokkas T., Vakil N., Kuipers E.J. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report. Gut, 2007, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 772–781. doi: 10.1136/gut.2006.101634</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>55.	Malfertheiner P., Mégraud F., O’Morain C., Hungin A.P., Jones R., Axon A., Graham D.Y., Tytgat G.; European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group (EHPSG). Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht 2-2000 Consensus Report. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2002, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 167–180. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01169.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>56.	McGuigan J.E. Helicobacter pylori: the versatile pathogen. Dig. Dis., 1996, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 289–303. doi: 10.1159/000171560</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>57.	McNicholl A.G., Marin A.C., Molina-Infante J., Castro M., Barrio J., Ducons J., Calvet X., de la Coba C., Montoro M., Bory F., Perez-Aisa A., Forné M., Gisbert J.P.; Participant Centres. Randomised clinical trial comparing sequential and concomitant therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication in routine clinical practice. Gut, 2014, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 244–249. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304820</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>58.	Mégraud F. H. pylori antibiotic resistance: prevalence, importance, and advances in testing. Gut, 2004, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1374– 1384. doi: 10.1136/gut.2003.022111</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>59.	Mégraud F. Helicobacter pylori and antibiotic resistance. Gut, 2007, vol. 56, no. 11: 1502. doi: 10.1136/gut.2007.132514</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>60.	Mégraud F., Coenen S., Versporten A., Kist M., Lopez-Brea M., Hirschl A.M., Andersen L.P., Goossens H., Glupczynski Y. Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe and its relationship to antibiotic consumption. Gut, 2013, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 34–42. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>61.	Mirzaee V., Rezahosseini O. Randomized control trial: comparison of triple therapy plus probiotic yogurt vs. standard triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication. Iran Red. Crescent Med. J., 2012, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 657–666.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>62.	Molina-Infante J., Pazos-Pacheco C., Vinagre-Rodriguez G., Perez-Gallardo B., Dueñas-Sadornil C., Hernandez-Alonso M., Gonzalez-Garcia G., Mateos-Rodriguez J.M., Fernandez-Bermejo M., Gisbert J.P. Nonbismuth quadruple (concomitant) therapy: empirical and tailored efficacy versus standard triple therapy for clarithromycin-susceptible Helicobacter pylori and versus sequential therapy for clarithromycin-resistant strains. Helicobacter, 2012, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 269–276. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2012.00947.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>63.	Molina-Infante J., Perez-Gallardo B., Fernandez-Bermejo M., Hernandez-Alonso M., Vinagre G., Dueñas C., Mateos-Rodriguez J.M., Gonzalez-Garcia G., Abadia E.G., Gisbert J.P. Clinical trial: clarithromycin vs. levofloxacin in first-line triple and sequential regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2010, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1077–1084. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04274.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>64.	Molina-Infante J., Romano M., Fernandez-Bermejo M., Federico A., Gravina A.G., Pozzati L., Garcia-Abadia E., Vinagre-Rodriguez G., Martinez-Alcala C., Hernandez-Alonso M., Miranda A., Iovene M.R., Pazos-Pacheco C., Gisbert J.P. Optimized nonbismuth quadruple therapies cure most patients with Helicobacter pylori infection in populations with high rates of antibiotic resistance. Gastroenterology, 2013, vol. 145, no. 1, pp. 121–128. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.03.050</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>65.	Müller P., Simon B. Helicobacter pylori eradication: modified triple therapy with lansoprazole. Fortschr. Med., 1996, vol. 114, no. 35/36, pp. 497–499.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>66.	Nadir I., Yonem O., Ozin Y., Kilic Z.M., Sezgin O. Comparison of two different treatment protocols in Helicobacter pylori eradication. South. Med. J., 2011, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 102–105. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c209</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>67.	Okada M., Oki K., Shirotani T., Seo M., Okabe N., Maeda K., Nishimura H., Ohkuma K., Oda K. A new quadruple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Effect of pretreatment with omeprazole on the cure rate. J. Gastroenterol., 1998, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 640–645. doi: 10.1007/s005350050150</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>68.	O’Morain C., Borody T., Farley A., De Boer W.A., Dallaire C., Schuman R., Piotrowski J., Fallone C.A., Tytgat G., Mégraud F., Spénard J.; International multicentre study. Efficacy and safety of single-triple capsules of bismuth biskalcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline, given with omeprazole, for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: an international multicentre study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2003, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 415–420. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01434.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>69.	Ozdil K., Calhan T., Sahin A., Senates E., Kahraman R., Yüzbasioglu B., Demirdag H., Sökmen M.H. Levofloxacin based sequential and triple therapy compared with standard plus probiotic combination for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Hepatogastroenterology, 2011, vol. 58, no. 109, pp. 1148–1152. doi: 10.5754/hge11075</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>70.	Park H.G., Jung M.K., Jung J.T., Kwon J.G., Kim E.Y., Seo H.E., Lee J.H., Yang C.H., Kim E.S., Cho K.B., Park K.S., Lee S.H., Kim K.O., Jeon S.W. Randomised clinical trial: a comparative study of 10-day sequential therapy with 7-day standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in na ve patients. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2012, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 56–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04902.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>71.	Polat Z., Kadayifci A., Kantarcioglu M., Ozcan A., Emer O., Uygun A. Comparison of levofloxacin-containing sequential and standard triple therapies for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur. J. Intern. Med., 2012, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 165–168. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.02.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>72.	Prasertpetmanee S., Mahachai V., Vilaichone R.K. Improved efficacy of proton pump inhibitor — amoxicillin — clarithromycin triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in low clarithromycin resistance areas or for tailored therapy. Helicobacter, 2013, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 270–273. doi: 10.1111/hel.12041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>73.	Rajper S., Khan E., Ahmad Z., Alam S.M., Akbar A., Hasan R. Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates: an experience at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan. J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 2012, vol. 62, no. 11., pp. 1140–1144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>74.	Riahizadeh S., Malekzadeh R., Agah S., Zendehdel N., Sotoudehmanesh R., Ebrahimi-Dariani N., Pourshams A., Vahedi H., Mikaeli J., Khatibian M., Massarrat S. Sequential metronidazole-furazolidone or clarithromycin-furazolidone compared to clarithromycin-based quadruple regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Helicobacter, 2010, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 497–504. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2010.00798.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>75.	Rimbara E., Fischbach L.A., Graham D.Y. Optimal therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2011, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 79–88. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.210</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>76.	Rinaldi V., Zullo A., Pugliano F., Valente C., Diana F., Attili A.F. The management of failed dual or triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 1997, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 929–933. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00228.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>77.	Romano M., Cuomo A., Gravina A.G., Miranda A., Iovene M.R., Tiso A., Sica M., Rocco A., Salerno R., Marmo R., Federico A., Nardone G. Empirical levofloxacin-containing versus clarithromycin-containing sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomised trial. Gut, 2010, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1465–1470. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.215350</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>78.	Sýkora J., Valecková K., Amlerová J., Siala K., Dedek P., Watkins S., Varvarovská J., Stozický F., Pazdiora P., Schwarz J. Effects of a specially designed fermented milk product containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 and the eradication of H. pylori in children: a prospective randomized double-blind study. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 2005, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 692–698. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000173855.77191.44</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>79.	Szajewska H., Albrecht P., Topczewska-Cabanek A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: effect of lactobacillus GG supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication rates and side effects during treatment in children. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 2009, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 431–436. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e318182e716</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>80.	Tolone S., Pellino V., Vitaliti G., Lanzafame A., Tolone C. Evaluation of Helicobacter рylori eradication in pediatric patients by triple therapy plus lactoferrin and probiotics compared to triple therapy alone. Ital. J. Pediatr., 2012, vol. 38, no. 1: 63. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-63</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>81.	Tong J.L., Ran Z.H., Shen J., Xiao S.D. Sequential therapy vs. standard triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 2009, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 41–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00969.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>82.	Toros A.B., Ince A.T., Kesici B., Saglam M., Polat Z., Uygun A. A new modified concomitant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Turkey. Helicobacter, 2011, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 225–228. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00823.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>83.	Treiber G., Ammon S., Schneider E., Klotz U. Amoxicillin/metronidazole/omeprazole/clarithromycin: a new, short quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter, 1998, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 54–58. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-5378.1998.08019.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>84.	Usta Y., Saltik-Temizel I.N., Demir H., Uslu N., Ozen H., Gurakan F., Yuce A. Comparison of short- and long-term treatment protocols and the results of second-line quadruple therapy in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. J. Gastroenterol., 2008, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 429–433. doi: 10.1007/s00535-008-2187-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>85.	Uygun A., Kadayifci A., Yesilova Z., Safali M., Ilgan S., Karaeren N. Comparison of sequential and standard triple-drug regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a 14-day, open-label, randomized, prospective, parallel-arm study in adult patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. Clin. Ther., 2008, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 528–534. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.03.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>86.	Vaira D., Zullo A., Vakil N., Gatta L., Ricci C., Perna F., Hassan C., Bernabucci V., Tampieri A., Morini S. Sequential therapy versus standard triple-drug therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 2007, vol. 146, no. 8, pp. 556–563. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>87.	Vakil N., Megraud F. Eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology, 2007, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 985–1001. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>88.	Valooran G.J., Kate V., Jagdish S., Basu D. Sequential therapy versus standard triple drug therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with perforated duodenal ulcer following simple closure. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 2011, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 1045– 1050. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2011.584894</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>89.	Wimer S.M., Schoonover L., Garrison M.W. Levofloxacin: a therapeutic review. Clin. Ther., 1998, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1049–1070. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(98)80104-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>90.	Wu D.C., Hsu P.I., Wu J.Y., Opekun A.R., Kuo C.H., Wu I.C., Wang S.S., Chen A., Hung W.C., Graham D.Y. Sequential and concomitant therapy with four drugs is equally effective for eradication of H. pylori infection. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 2010, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 36–41. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>91.	Yakut M., Çinar K., Seven G., Bahar K., Özden A. Sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Turk. J. Gastroenterol., 2010, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 206–211. doi: 10.4318/tjg.2010.0089</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>92.	Yanai A., Sakamoto K., Akanuma M., Ogura K., Maeda S. Non-bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized study in Japan. World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther., 2012, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt. v3.i1.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>93.	Zendedel A., Moradimoghadam F., Almasi V., Zivarifar H. Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Mashhad, Iran. J. Pak. Med. Assoc., 2013, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 336–339.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>94.	Zhao H.M., Ou-Yang H.J., Duan B.P., Xu B., Chen Z.Y., Tang J., You J.Y. Clinical effect of triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi., 2014, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 230–233.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>95.	Zou J., Dong J., Yu X. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus containing quadruple therapy versus standard triple first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter, 2009, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 97–107. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00716.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>96.	Zullo A., De Francesco V., Hassan C., Morini S., Vaira D. The sequential therapy regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a pooled-data analysis. Gut, 2007, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 1353–1357. doi: 10.1136/gut.2007.125658</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>97.	Zullo A., De Francesco V., Hassan C., Ridola L., Repici A., Bruzzese V., Vaira D. Modified sequential therapy regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a systematic review. Dig. Liver Dis., 2013, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 18–22. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.08.025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>98.	Zullo A., Hassan C., Ridola L., De Francesco V., Vaira D. Standard triple and sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication: an update. Eur. J. Intern. Med., 2013, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 16–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.07.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>99.	Zullo A., Rinaldi V., Winn S., Meddi P., Lionetti R., Hassan C., Ripani C., Tomaselli G., Attili A.F. A new highly effective short-term therapy schedule for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2000, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 715–718. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00766.x</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
