Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI166410.15789/2220-7619-GRR-1664REVIEWSОБЗОРЫGender-related response of body systems in COVID-19 affects outcomeПол пациента влияет на ответ систем организма и клинический исход при COVID-19KhaksariM.ХаксариM.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, PhD, Professor of Physiology, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Kerman.

Доктор наук, профессор физиологии, Исследовательский центр нейронаук, Институт нейрофармакологии, Керманский университет медицинских наук; Исследовательский центр эндокринологии и метаболизма, Институт фундаментальных и клинических физиологических наук, медицинский факультет, Керманский университет медицинских наук.

Керман.

khaksari@kmu.ac.irSabetN.СабэтН.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD (Physiology), Senior Assistant, Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Kerman.

Кандидат наук (физиология), Исследовательский центр тропических и инфекционных заболеваний, Керманский университет медицинских наук; Исследовательский центр эндокринологии и метаболизма, Институт фундаментальных и клинических физиологических наук, медицинский факультет, Керманский университет медицинских наук; старший ассистент, кафедра физиологии и фармакологии медицинского факультета им. А. Афзалипюра, Керманский университет медицинских наук.

Керман.

nazanin_5157@yahoo.comSoltaniZ.СолтаниЗ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

Zahra Soltani - MD, PhD, Professor of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Kerman.

Phone/fax: +98 3433257581.

Солтани Захра - доктор наук, профессор физиологии, Исследовательский центр эндокринологии и метаболизма, Институт фундаментальных и клинических физиологических наук, медицинский факультет, Керманский университет медицинских наук; Исследовательский центр тропических и инфекционных заболеваний, Керманский университет медицинских наук; кафедра физиологии и фармакологии, медицинский факультет им. А. Афзалипюра, Керманский университет медицинских наук.

Керман.

Тел./факс: +98 3433257581.

soltaniy@yahoo.comBashiriH.БашириХ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Sirjan Faculty of Medicine, Sirjan University of Medical Sciences.

Kerman; Sirjan.

Доктор наук, профессор фармакологии, Научно-исследовательский центр нейронаук, Институт нейрофармакологии, Керманский университет медицинских наук; медицинский факультет Сирджанского университета медицинских наук.

Керман; Сирджан.

bashiry_h@yahoo.comKerman University of Medical SciencesКерманский университет медицинских наукSirjan University of Medical SciencesСирджанский университет медицинских наук05012022116102010360901202110042021Copyright ©; 2021, Khaksari M., Sabet N., Soltani Z., Bashiri H.Copyright ©; 2021, Хаксари M., Сабэт Н., Солтани З., Башири Х.2021Khaksari M., Sabet N., Soltani Z., Bashiri H.Хаксари M., Сабэт Н., Солтани З., Башири Х.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1664

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh member of the coronaviruses (CoVs) family that infects humans and causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is currently a global pandemic. Widespread secretion of cytokines has been shown to occur early in severe cases of the disease and can be an effective factor in the rapid progression of the disease. Systemic inflammation indicates an advanced stage of acute disease, which is characterized by multiple organ failure and elevated key inflammatory markers. Studies have shown a gender difference between the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. In this review, we investigated the gender difference in the systemic effects of COVID-19 and found that this gender difference exists especially in the respiratory, cardiovascular, liver, gastrointestinal and kidney systems. Due to the worse outcome of COVID in males, the role of female sex hormones in causing these gender differences is noticeable. There can be a systemic and local effect of female sex hormones, especially estrogen and possibly progesterone, on various cells. Among the effects of these hormones is the regulation of localized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels. ACE2 is the route of entry for SARS-CoV-2 virus into the cell. It is hoped that this review would address gender differences for better management of COVID-19 treatment.

Коронавирус тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома (SARS-CoV-2) является седьмым представителем семейства коронавирусов (CoV), патогенным для человека, и возбудителем коронавирусного инфекционного заболевания (COVID-19), достигшего к настоящему времени масштаба глобальной пандемии. Было показано, что на ранней стадии тяжелых случаев заболевания секретируется значительный объем цитокинов. Это может стать важным фактором быстрого прогрессирования заболевания. Системное воспаление указывает на запущенную стадию острого заболевания, которая характеризуется полиорганной недостаточностью и повышенным уровнем ключевых воспалительных маркеров. Ранее проведенные исследования продемонстрировали гендерные различия в уровне заболеваемости и смертности от COVID-19. В данном обзоре мы исследовали гендерные различия в системных эффектах COVID-19 и обнаружили, что подобные различия наиболее выражены в дыхательной, сердечно-сосудистой системах, желудочно-кишечном тракте, печени и почках. На основании регистрации худшего исхода COVID-19 у мужчин высказано предположение о возможном влиянии женских половых гормонов на течение болезни. Женские половые гормоны, особенно эстроген и, возможно, прогестерон, могут оказывать системное и местное действие на различные типы клеток, а также регулировать локальные уровни ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 (ACE2). Установлено, что вирус SARS-CoV-2 проникает в клетку через ACE2. Мы полагаем, что рассмотренные в настоящем обзоре гендерные различия позволят улучшить ведение пациентов с COVID-19.

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