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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1621</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-CAA-1621</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">COVID-19 as a zoonotic infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>COVID-19 как зоонозная инфекция</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9362-3949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, RAS Corresponding Member, Director </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор </p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><email>kulichenko_an@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-4952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maletskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малецкая</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Scientific and Anti-Epidemic Work </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зам. директора по научной и противоэпидемической работе </p><p>г. Ставрополь</p></bio><email>maletskaya_ov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-5738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarkisyan</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саркисян</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nushik S. Sarkisyan,  PhD (Medicine), Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Head of the Department of Consulting and Preventive Work </p><p>355035, Stavropol, Sovetskaya str., 13–15</p><p>Phone: +7 (962) 425-01-29. Fax: 8 (865) 226-03-12 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркисян Нушик Сааковна, к.м.н., заведующая отделом консультационно-профилактической работы, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>355035, г. Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13–15</p><p>Тел.: 8 (962) 425-01-29. Факс: 8 (865) 226-03-12 </p></bio><email>nyshik25@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-5882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volynkina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волынкина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory for Diagnostics of Viral Infections </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией диагностики вирусных инфекций </p><p>г. Ставрополь </p></bio><email>volyn444@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol Plague Control Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ Ставропольский противочумный институт Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>617</fpage><lpage>623</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-28"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kulichenko A.N., Maletskaya O.V., Sarkisyan N.S., Volynkina A.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Куличенко А.Н., Малецкая О.В., Саркисян Н.С., Волынкина А.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulichenko A.N., Maletskaya O.V., Sarkisyan N.S., Volynkina A.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куличенко А.Н., Малецкая О.В., Саркисян Н.С., Волынкина А.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1621">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1621</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Here we discuss the issues for attributing the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 to zoonoses based on the data on probable origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the possible formation of its reservoir in animals (bats) as well as human susceptibility. Today, the dominant point of view is that the outbreak of COVID-19 arose as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus overcoming the interspecies barrier, acquiring ability to infect and spread in human population. Comparative phylogenetic analysis at the molecular level showed that SARS-CoV-2 is genetically closest to bat coronaviruses, particularly to the RmYN02 and RaTG13 strains isolated from the horseshoe bat, a species considered to be the main host of SARSCoV and MERS-CoV coronaviruses. The ability of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to infect various wild animal has been revealed. SARS-CoV-2 has been found in minks on farms in the Netherlands with mortality rates ranging from 1.2 to 2.4%. While infecting rhesus monkeys with the SARS-CoV-2, it resulted in productive infection and detected viremia. Cats have been found to be susceptible hosts for the human SARS-CoV-2 virus. A likely explanation for this lies in the high similarity between the human and feline counterpart of the ACE2 receptor. It has been shown that dogs can become infected but transmit no virus to other animals. To date, over the entire period of the pandemic the World Organization for Animal Health provides no information about cases of human infection transmitted from pets. Thus, there is no evidence that animals play a role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among people during the current period of the pandemic. Human outbreaks are caused by human-to-human virus transmission, and based on the currently available information, the risk of spreading COVID-19 from animals is considered low. More research is needed to understand how COVID-19 can affect animals of a wide variety of species and how big might be the risks of infection transmission from them to humans.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются вопросы соответствия новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 зоонозам на основании данных о вероятном происхождении вируса SARS-CoV-2, возможном формировании его резервуара в организме животных (летучих мышей) и восприимчивости к нему человека. Сегодня преобладает точка зрения, что вспышка COVID-19 возникла в результате преодоления коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2 межвидового барьера, приобретения способности инфицировать человека и распространяться в этой популяции. Сравнительный филогенетический анализ на молекулярном уровне показал, что SARS-CoV-2 генетически наиболее близок к коронавирусам летучих мышей, в частности к штаммам RmYN02 и RaTG13, изолированным от подковообразной летучей мыши — вида, считающегося основным хозяином коронавирусов SARS-CoV и MERS-CoV. Выявлена способность коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 инфицировать различные виды диких животных. SARS-CoV-2 был обнаружен у норок на фермах в странах Западной Европы и США, смертность составила от 1,2 до 2,4%. При инфицировании коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2 макак-резусов у них имела место продуктивная инфекция, была обнаружена виремия. Установлено, что кошки являются восприимчивыми хозяевами человеческого вируса SARS-CoV-2. Вероятное объяснение этому кроется в высокой степени сходства между человеческими и кошачьими формами рецептора ACE2. Также показано, что собаки могут заразиться, но не передают вирус другим животным. На сегодняшний день Всемирная организация по охране здоровья животных за весь период пандемии не располагает сведениями о случаях заражения человека от домашних питомцев. Таким образом, нет доказательств того, что животные играют роль в распространении SARS-CoV-2 среди людей в текущий период пандемии. Вспышки среди людей вызваны передачей вируса от человека к человеку, и, исходя из информации, доступной на сегодняшний день, риск распространения COVID-19 от животных считается низким. Необходимы дополнительные исследования, чтобы понять, как может COVID-19 затронуть животных самых разных видов и насколько велики риски передачи инфекции от них людям.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>zoonosis</kwd><kwd>coronaviruses</kwd><kwd>bats</kwd><kwd>wild and domestic animals</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>зооноз</kwd><kwd>коронавирусы</kwd><kwd>летучие мыши</kwd><kwd>дикие и домашние животные</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. СМИ сообщили о заражении коронавирусом двух кошек в США // РБК. 2020. [The media reported on the infection of two cats with coronavirus in the USA. RBC, 2020. (In Russ.)] URL: https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/5ea101369a79476145076469 (03.10.2020)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Соболева И. 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