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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1590</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-GDO-1590</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Geographical diversity of Helicobacter pylori strains circulating in the European Part of the Russian Federation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Географическое разнообразие штаммов Helicobacter pylori, циркулирующих в европейской части РФ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Tularemia Laboratory </p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории туляремии </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону </p></bio><email>soroka53@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svarval</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сварваль</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena V. Svarval,  PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Pathogenes Identification </p><p>197101, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14</p><p>Phone: +7 911 223-14-11 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сварваль Алена Владимировна,  к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории идентификации патогенов </p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</p><p>Тел.: 8 911 223-14-11</p></bio><email>alenasvar@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodop'janov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водопьянов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Virology Group </p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. группой вирусологии </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><email>alexvod@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pisanov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Писанов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Head of the Laboratory for Diagnostics of Especially Dangerous Infections </p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., зав. лабораторией диагностики особо опасных инфекций </p><p>г. Ростов-на-Дону</p></bio><email>pisanov.ruslan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov-on-Don Research Institute for Plague Control</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФКУЗ Ростовский-на-Дону противочумный институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>701</fpage><lpage>706</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-03-18"><day>18</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Sorokin V.M., Svarval A.V., Vodop'janov A.S., Pisanov R.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Сорокин В.М., Сварваль А.В., Водопьянов А.С., Писанов Р.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokin V.M., Svarval A.V., Vodop'janov A.S., Pisanov R.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокин В.М., Сварваль А.В., Водопьянов А.С., Писанов Р.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1590">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1590</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to identify INDEL markers and study geographical origin of regional H. pylori strains circulating in the European part of the Russian Federation. The study included 56 strains of H. pylori isolated in three regions of the Russian Federation: Saint Petersburg, Astrakhan and Rostov Regions. Genomic DNA was isolated using a set of Probe NA (DNA Technology, Russia), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Detection of INDEL markers hp5605, hp6405, hp340, hp1390, hp3660 was performed using PCR. Clustering of the identified INDEL genotypes and building a phylogenetic tree were performed using the BioNumerics 7.6 and GrapeTree software packages. 21 strains from the GenBank database with known geographical origin were used as reference strains. In 20 strains from Saint Petersburg, 13 individual genotypes were identified, while 17 strains belong to the European cluster (hpEurope), 2 strains belong to the hspEAsia cluster and one strain belongs to the hspWAfrica cluster. The most common genotype identified in the European cluster includes six strains from Saint Petersburg and two strains from the GenBank database. For further differentiation of these strains, the VNTR typing method was used, which allowed identifying eight individual genotypes in eight strains. Fifty-six studied russian strains are represented by thirty individual genotypes, which reflects the high heterogeneity of strains circulating in the European part of the Russian Federation. The most frequent genotype is represented by two hpEurope strains, one strain from the Astrakhan region, as well as 5 and 6 strains from the Rostov Region and Saint Petersburg, respectively. The vast majority of Russian strains (52/56) belong to the hpEurope population, while two strains from Saint Petersburg are included in the hspEAsia population, and one strain from Saint Petersburg and the Astrakhan Region is included in the hspWAfrica population. Total, 77 H. pylori strains are represented by 37 individual genotypes with a high diversity index (DI = 0.95), which allows us to consider the proposed INDEL typing method as an independent method for genotyping H. pylori strains. Taking into consideration the complexity of the problem of accurately determining the geographical origin of H. pylori strains, the proposed simple and convenient method of INDEL typing of H. pylori strains, based on an available PCR method becomes very relevant and allows us to conduct an adequate primary analysis of the geographical origin of Russian H. pylori strains.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования — выявление INDEL-маркеров и изучение географического происхождения региональных штаммов H. pylori, циркулирующих в европейской части РФ. В исследование включены 56 штаммов H. pylori, выделенные в трех регионах РФ: Санкт-Петербурге, Астраханской и Ростовской области. Геномную ДНК выделяли с использованием набора «Проба НК» (ДНК-Технология, Россия) согласно инструкции производителя. Выявление INDEL-маркеров hp5605, hp6405, hp340, hp1390, hp3660 проводили с помощью ПЦР. Кластеризацию выявленных INDEL-генотипов и построение филогенетического дерева проводили с помощью пакета программ BioNumerics 7.6 и GrapeTree. В качестве референтных штаммов использовали 21 штамм из базы данных GenBank с известным географическим происхождением. У 20 штаммов из Санкт-Петербурга выявлено 13 индивидуальных генотипов, при этом 17 штаммов относятся к европейскому кластеру (hpEurope), 2 штамма к кластеру hspEAsia и один штамм — к кластеру hspWAfrica. Самый распространенный генотип, выявленный в европейском кластере, включает в себя шесть штаммов из Санкт-Петербурга и два штамма из базы данных GenBank. Для дальнейшей дифференциации этих штаммов применен метод VNTR-типирования, позволивший выявить у восьми штаммов восемь индивидуальных генотипов. Пятьдесят шесть изученных российских штаммов представлены тридцатью индивидуальными генотипами, что отражает высокую гетерогенность штаммов, циркулирующих на территории европейской части РФ. Наиболее частый генотип представлен двумя штаммами hpEurope, одним штаммом из Астраханского региона, а также 5 и 6 штаммами из Ростовской области и Санкт-Петербурга соответственно. Подавляющее большинство российских штаммов (52/56) относится к популяции hpEurope, тогда как два штамма из Санкт-Петербурга входят в популяцию hspEAsia и по одному штамму из Санкт-Петербурга и Астраханской области — в популяцию hspWAfrica. Всего 77 штаммов H. pylori представлены 37 индивидуальными генотипами с высоким индексом разнообразия (DI = 0,95), что позволяет рассматривать предлагаемый метод INDEL-типирования в качестве самостоятельного для генотипирования штаммов H. pylori. Учитывая сложность проблемы точного определения географического происхождения штаммов H. pylori, весьма актуальным становится предлагаемый нами простой и удобный метод INDEL-типирования штаммов H. pylori, основанный на доступном методе ПЦР и позволяющий проводить адекватный первичный анализ географического происхождения российских штаммов H. pylori.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>INDEL</kwd><kwd>MST dendrogram</kwd><kwd>VNTR typing</kwd><kwd>geographical origin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Helicobacter pylori</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>INDEL</kwd><kwd>MST-дендрограмма</kwd><kwd>VNTR-типирование</kwd><kwd>географическое происхождение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Момыналиев К.Т., Челышева В.В., Акопиан Т.А., Селезнева О.В., Линц Б., Ахтман М., Говорун В.М. 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