Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1563210.15789/2220-7619-MAS-15632ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleMonkeypox: a systematic review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and outcomesОспа обезьян: систематический обзор эпидемиологии, патогенеза, проявлений и исходовSeyedAlinaghiSeyedAhmadСейедАлинагиСейедАхмад
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, MPhil, PhD, Clinical Epidemiologist, Associate Professor, Research Deputy

магистр философии, кандидат наук, клинический эпидемиолог, доцент, зам. руководителя по исследовательской деятельности

s_a_alinaghi@yahoo.comAfsahiAmir MasoudАфсахиАмир Масуд
United States

PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine

доктор философии, кафедра радиологии, медицинский факультет

amir.masoud.afsahi@gmail.comAfzalianArianАфзалянАриан
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, School of Medicine

врач, медицинский факультет

Arianafzalian@gmail.comShahidiRaminШахидиРамин
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, School of Medicine

врач, медицинский факультет

dr.raminshahidi1@gmail.comTamehri ZadehSeyed SaeedТамехри-задеСейед Саид
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

tamehrysaeed@gmail.comVarshochiSanazВаршочиСаназ
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

varshochi.sanaz@gmail.comDashtiMohsenДаштиМохсен
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Department of Radiology

врач, кафедра радиологии

Mohsen.d4shti@gmail.comGhasemzadehAfsanehГасемзадеАфсане
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Department of Radiology

врач, кафедра радиологии

Afsanemqsz1996@gmail.comPashaeiAvaПашаиАва
Canada

PhD Student, School of Nursing

аспирант, факультет сестринского дела

zahra.pashaei243@gmail.comParanjkhooParinazПаранджхуПариназ
Armenia

MD, MPH, Researcher, Turpanjian College of Health Sciences

магистр общественного здравоохранения, научный сотрудник Турпанджянского колледжа медицинских наук

parinazparanjkhoo@gmail.comParmoonZohalПармунЗохал
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

Zohalparmoon@icloud.comParikhaniSahar N.ПариханиСахар Нооралиогли
Iran, Islamic Republic of

BS in Nursing, School of Medicine

бакалавр сестринского дела, медицинский факультет

Sahar.nurse91@gmail.comShamsabadiAhmadrezaШамсабадиАхмадреза
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Technology

доктор философии, доцент кафедры информационных технологий здравоохранения

shamsabadi1010@gmail.comPezeshgiPouryaПезешгиПуря
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

Pezeshgipourya@yahoo.comAhmadiSepideАхмадиСепиде
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

Sepide2434@gmail.comArjmandGhazalАрджмандГазаль
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

ghazalarjmand@sbmu.ac.irJavaherianMohammadДжавахерианМохаммад
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, Department of Physiotherapy,

студент кафедры физиотерапии

Javaherian_m@razi.tums.ac.irEbrahimiHoomanЭбрахимиХуман
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

hooman.ebr@gmail.comKarimiAmiraliКаримиАмирали
Iran, Islamic Republic of

MD, Student, School of Medicine

студент медицинского факультета

karimi.amirali.1999@gmail.comMehraeenEsmaeilМехраинЭсмаэйл
Iran, Islamic Republic of

PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Technology

кандидат наук, ассистент кафедры медицинских информационных технологий

es.mehraeen@gmail.comJahanfarShayestehДжаханфарШайест
United States

PhD, Associate Professor, MPH Program, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine

доктор философии, доцент, программа магистра, кафедра здравоохранения и общественной медицины, медицинский факультет

jahan2s@cmich.eduIranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsИранский исследовательский центр ВИЧ/СПИДа (IRCHA), Тегеранский университет медицинских наукUniversity of CaliforniaКалифорнийский университетTehran University of Medical SciencesТегеранский университет медицинских наукBushehr University of Medical SciencesУниверситет медицинских наук БушераTabriz University of Medical SciencesТебризский университет медицинских наукUniversity of British ColumbiaУниверситет Британской КолумбииAmerican University of ArmeniaАмериканский университет АрменииEsfarayen Faculty of Medical SciencesФакультет медицинских наук ЭсфарайенMaragheh University of Medical SciencesУниверситет медицинских наук МарагеShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesУниверситет медицинских наук Шахида БехештиKhalkhal University of Medical SciencesУниверситет медицинских наук ХалхалTufts University School of MedicineУниверситет Тафтса1210202325122023136116911861708202318092023Copyright ©; 2023, SeyedAlinaghi S., Afsahi A., Afzalian A., Shahidi R., Tamehri Zadeh S., Varshochi S., Dashti M., Ghasemzadeh A., Pashaei A., Paranjkhoo P., Parmoon Z., Parikhani S.N., Shamsabadi A., Pezeshgi P., Ahmadi S., Arjmand G., Javaherian M., Ebrahimi H., Karimi A., Mehraeen E., Jahanfar S.Copyright ©; 2023, СейедАлинаги С., Афсахи А., Афзалян А., Шахиди Р., Тамехри-заде С., Варшочи С., Дашти М., Гасемзаде А., Пашаи А., Паранджху П., Пармун З., Парихани С.Н., Шамсабади А., Пезешги П., Ахмади С., Арджманд Г., Джавахериан М., Эбрахими Х., Карими А., Мехраин И., Джаханфар Ш.2023SeyedAlinaghi S., Afsahi A., Afzalian A., Shahidi R., Tamehri Zadeh S., Varshochi S., Dashti M., Ghasemzadeh A., Pashaei A., Paranjkhoo P., Parmoon Z., Parikhani S.N., Shamsabadi A., Pezeshgi P., Ahmadi S., Arjmand G., Javaherian M., Ebrahimi H., Karimi A., Mehraeen E., Jahanfar S.СейедАлинаги С., Афсахи А., Афзалян А., Шахиди Р., Тамехри-заде С., Варшочи С., Дашти М., Гасемзаде А., Пашаи А., Паранджху П., Пармун З., Парихани С.Н., Шамсабади А., Пезешги П., Ахмади С., Арджманд Г., Джавахериан М., Эбрахими Х., Карими А., Мехраин И., Джаханфар Ш.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/15632

Introduction. Since May 2022, an unusually large number of new monkeypox infections-a previously rare viral zoonotic disease, mainly reported from central and western Africa has been reported globally, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency in July 2022. We aimed to systematically review the monkeypox virus epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, presentations, and outcomes.

Materials and methods. Our aim is to systematically review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, and outcomes of Monkeypox disease. We searched the keywords in the online databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and investigated all English articles until December 2022. In order to ascertain the findings, this study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. In order to optimize the quality, this review study benefits from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. To minimize any probable bias risk, we utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) risk assessment tool.

Results. The most prevalent symptoms were rash and fever. The infection was accompanied by different complications such as, but not limited to, encephalitis (mainly in children), septicemia, bacterial cellulitis, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, etc. A wide range of hospitalization from 3.7% to 100% has been reported. The mortality rate ranged from 0% to 23%, which mainly occurred in infants and children. High mortality of the monkeypox rate was reported among pregnant women. The mortality rate of monkeypox is lower among women and those who received the smallpox vaccine compared to men and those who did not receive the vaccine. A wide range of the overall second-rate attack was reported, which is more pronounced in unvaccinated patients.

Conclusion. In our systematic review of 35 studies on monkeypox, we cast light on the existing evidence on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, manifestation, and outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the natural history of the disease in various patients’ population, as well as detailing the monkeypox attack rate.

Введение. С мая 2022 г. во всем мире было зарегистрировано необычно большое количество новых случаев заражения оспой обезьян — ранее редкой вирусной зоонозной болезнью, в основном зарегистрированной в Центральной и Западной Африке, а в июле 2022 г. Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) объявила глобальную чрезвычайную ситуацию. Целью настоящей работы было проведение систематическое анализа эпидемиологии, патогенеза, передачи, проявлений и исходов оспы обезьян.

Материалы и методы. Был проведен поиск по ключевым словам в онлайн-базах данных PubMed, Embase, Scopus и Web of Science и изучены все статьи на английском языке, опубликованные до декабря 2022 г. В целях оптимизации качества использовался контрольный список «Предпочтительные элементы отчетности для систематических обзоров и метаанализов» (PRISMA). Для минимизации потенциального риска систематических ошибок мы использовали оценку риска по шкале Ньюкасла–Оттавы (NOS).

Результаты. Наиболее распространенными симптомами были сыпь и лихорадка. Инфекция сопровождалась различными осложнениями, среди прочего представленными энцефалитом (преимущественно у детей), септицемией, бактериальным целлюлитом, заглоточными и парафарингеальными абсцессами и др. Были госпитализированы от 3,7 до 100% больных. Уровень смертности колебался от 0 до 23%, преимущественно среди младенцев и детей. Отмечена высокая смертность от оспы обезьян среди беременных женщин. Уровень смертности среди женщин и тех, кто получил вакцину от оспы, был ниже по сравнению с мужчинами и невакцинированными лицами. Зафиксирован широкий диапазон вторичных случаев инфекции, которая более выражена у непривитых пациентов.

Заключение. В настоящем систематическом обзоре проанализированы 35 исследований оспы обезьян, позволивших пролить свет на имеющиеся данные о ее эпидемиологии, патогенезе, проявлениях и исходах. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для выяснения естественного течения заболевания у различных групп пациентов, а также детализации частоты заражения оспой обезьян.

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