Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI1562010.15789/2220-7619-RGD-15620ORIGINAL ARTICLESОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch Article2020–2021 rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint PetersburgГенетическое разнообразие риновирусов на территории Санкт-Петербурга в 2020–2021 гг.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4532-6210KsenafontovAndrey D.КсенафонтовАндрей Дмитриевич
Russian Federation

PhD Student, Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Etiology and Epidemiology

аспирант, лаборант-исследователь лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии

ksenandrey@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-99576506831021J-2696-20169662-5361PisarevaMaria M.ПисареваМария Михайловна
Russian Federation

PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Etiology and Epidemiology

кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии

maria.pisareva@influenza.spb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-332556387095900G-6907-20174793-1377EderVeronika A.ЕдерВероника Анатольевна
Russian Federation

DSc (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Etiology and Epidemiology

доктор биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии

veronika.eder@influenza.spb.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-193657189459858J-1174-20163767-2899MusaevaTamila D.МусаеваТамила Даировна
Russian Federation

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Etiology and Epidemiology

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии

tamilamusaeva94@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-326157189463994I-9397-20163057-5288FadeevArtem V.ФадеевАртём Викторович
Russian Federation

Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Etiology and Epidemiology

старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии

afadeew@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-125544861547900K-4598-20133792-8290KomissarovAndrey B.КомиссаровАндрей Борисович
Russian Federation

Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Etiology and Epidemiology

зав. лабораторией молекулярной вирусологии отдела этиологии и эпидемиологии

a.b.komissarov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-987371020413467857-7306KiselevaIrina V.КиселёваИрина Васильевна
Russian Federation

DSc (Biology), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of General Virology, Senior Lecturer, Department of Education

доктор биологических наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией общей вирусологии, старший преподаватель учебного отдела

irina.v.kiseleva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-73548634494900J-2539-2013LioznovDmitry A.ЛиозновДмитрий Анатольевич
Russian Federation

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Director, Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор, зав. кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии

dlioznov@yandex.ruSmorodintsev Research Institute of InfluenzaФГБУ НИИ гриппа имени А.А. Смородинцева Минздрава РоссииInstitute of Experimental MedicineФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медициныPavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University (Pavlov University)ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени акад. И.П. Павлова01092023241020231347437530408202328082023Copyright ©; 2023, Ksenafontov A.D., Pisareva M.M., Eder V.A., Musaeva T.D., Fadeev A.V., Komissarov A.B., Kiseleva I.V., Lioznov D.A.Copyright ©; 2023, Ксенафонтов А.Д., Писарева М.М., Едер В.А., Мусаева Т.Д., Фадеев А.В., Комиссаров А.Б., Киселёва И.В., Лиознов Д.А.2023Ksenafontov A.D., Pisareva M.M., Eder V.A., Musaeva T.D., Fadeev A.V., Komissarov A.B., Kiseleva I.V., Lioznov D.A.Ксенафонтов А.Д., Писарева М.М., Едер В.А., Мусаева Т.Д., Фадеев А.В., Комиссаров А.Б., Киселёва И.В., Лиознов Д.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/15620

Introduction. Rhinoviruses represent one of the most common respiratory viruses and belong to the Picornoviridae family, genus Enterovirus, being divided into three types: A, B, C, which account for 169 types. Rhinoviruses predominate in autumn and spring periods, although they circulate throughout almost entire epidemic season. The rhinovirus genome is represented by a single-stranded 7.2 thousand base-long +RNA. According to the publications, the most common rhinovirus species is rhinovirus A (HRV-A), followed by rhinoviruses C (HRV-C) and finally rhinovirus B (HRV-B). The aim of our study was to define rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint Petersburg . Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza. Samples (smears from the nasopharynx and oropharynx) were delivered from the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, St. Olga’s Children's City Hospital, N.F. Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 5. Outpatient samples were used as well. Samples received from December 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed. Detection of rhinoviruses was carried out by real-time PCR, typing — by Sanger sequencing, with primers developed by da Costa Souza L. et al. (2021). Results. According to total specimen testing, rhinoviruses comprise 3.2% total number of specimens tested. Of these, 71 rhinoviruses were typed, representing 17.03% total number of rhinovirus-positive specimens. The most common was HRV-A (55%), among which 21 types were found (the most common HRV-A46 is 13%, n = 5). HRV-B and HRV-C were found in equal numbers — 23% (n = 16) of each species out of total number of typed rhinoviruses. Among HRV-B, 8 types were found; the most common HRV-B06 comprised 33% (n = 5). Among HRV-C, 7 types were found (the most common types are HRV-C42, HRV-C32 and HRV-C15 — 19% each, n = 3). HRV-A was detected mainly in patients aged 18 to 65 years (57.5%, n = 23). HRV-B was detected only in adult patients (100%, n = 16). HRV-C was detected in children under 2 years of age (43.75%, n = 7) and adults aged 18–65 years (31.25%, n = 5). In some cases, HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with various respiratory tract syndromes such as acute nasopharyngitis, laryngotracheitis, obstructive bronchitis, and pneumonia. HRV-B was related to clinical manifestations of pneumonia in seven cases. Conclusion. Rhinovirus type A prevails in Saint Petersburg . Rhinoviruses can be associated with diverse respiratory tract syndromes.

Введение. Риновирусы — одни из самых распространенных респираторных вирусов. Риновирусы относятся к семейству Picornoviridae, роду Enterovirus. Они делятся на три вида: A, B, C, на которые приходится 169 типов. Риновирусы преобладают в осенние и весенние периоды, хотя они циркулируют на протяжении практически всего эпидемического сезона. Геном риновирусов представлен одноцепочечной +РНК длиной 7,2 тыс. оснований. Согласно данным литературы, наиблее распространенным видом риновирусов является риновирус A (HRV-A), затем следуют риновирусы C (HRV-C), в меньшей степени распространены риновирусы B (HRV-B). Целью данной работы было исследование генетического разнообразия риновирусов на территории Санкт-Петербурга.

Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на базе лаборатории молекулярной вирусологии вирусологии НИИ гриппа имени А.А. Смородинцева. Образцы (мазки из носо- и ротоглотки) доставляли из Клинической инфекционной больницы имени С.П. Боткина, Детской городской больницы Св. Ольги и Детской городской клинической больницы № 5 имени Н.Ф. Филатова. Также в работу брались мазки от негоспитализированных пациентов. Исследовались образцы, поступившие с декабря 2020 г. по октябрь 2021 г. Детекция риновирусов проводилась методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени. Генотипирование осуществлялось путем секвенирования методом Сэнгера, с праймерами, разработанными da Costa Souza L. с соавт. (2021).

Результаты. Согласно данным тотального тестирования, процент положительных на риновирус образцов составляет составляют 3,2% от общего числа. Из них был типирован 71, что составляет 17,03% от положительных на риновирус образцов. Наиболее распространенным оказался HRV-A (55%). Был обнаружен 21 тип данного вида (самый распространенный — HRV-A46 — 13%, n = 5). HRV-B и HRV-C были обнаружены в равном количестве — по 23% (n = 16) каждого вида от общего числа типированных риновирусов. Среди HRV-B обнаружено 8 типов (самый распространенный HRV-B06 — 31%, n = 5), среди HRV-C — 7 типов (самые распространенные типы HRV-C42, HRV-C32 и HRV-C15 — по 19%, n = 3). HRV-A выявлялся в основном у пациентов в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет (57,5%, n = 23). HRV-B выявлен только у взрослых пациентов (100%, n = 16). HRV-C детектирован у детей младше 2-х лет (43,75%, n = 7) и у взрослых в возрасте 18–65 лет (31,25%, n = 5). Иногда HRV-A и HRV-C были ассоциированы с различными синдромами поражения дыхательный путей, такими как острый ринофарингит, ларинготрахеит, обструктивный бронхит, пневмония. HRV-B был ассоциирован с клиническими проявлениями пневмонии в семи случаях.

Выводы. На территории Санкт-Петербурга превалирует риновирус вида A. Риновирусы могут быть ассоциированы с различными синдромами поражения дыхательный путей.

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