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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15617</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-HBS-15617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHORT COMMUNICATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence in pregnant women before and after national vaccinations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространенность поверхностного антигена гепатита В у беременных женщин до и после старта национальных программ вакцинаций</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hedayati</surname><given-names>Faeghe</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хедаяти</surname><given-names>Фаге</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student Research Committee</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студенческий исследовательский комитет</p></bio><email>Faeghe.hedayati@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lotfi</surname><given-names>Sam</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лотфи</surname><given-names>Сэм</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student Research Committee</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студенческий исследовательский комитет</p></bio><email>sam.lotfiii@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ebrahimi</surname><given-names>Pouyan</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эбрахими</surname><given-names>Пуян</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student Research Committee</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студенческий исследовательский комитет</p></bio><email>pouyanebi1375@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Javanian</surname><given-names>Mostafa</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яваниан</surname><given-names>Мостафа</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor of Infectious Disease, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент исследовательского центра инфекционных заболеваний и тропической медицины, Научно-исследовательский институт здравоохранения</p></bio><email>mjavanian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayani</surname><given-names>Fatemeh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баяни</surname><given-names>Фатеме</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>General Doctor (MPH), Health Vice-Chancellor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>главный врач, проректор по здравоохранению</p></bio><email>monirehbayani@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Darbandi</surname><given-names>Zeinab</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дарбанди</surname><given-names>Зейнаб</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student Research Committee</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студенческий исследовательский комитет</p></bio><email>zeinabdarbandi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayani</surname><given-names>Masomeh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баяни</surname><given-names>Масоме</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor of Infectious Disease, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор исследовательского центра инфекционных заболеваний и тропической медицины, Научно-исследовательский институт здравоохранения</p></bio><email>rohanresearch88@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Babol University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Бабольский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>587</fpage><lpage>591</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Hedayati F., Lotfi S., Ebrahimi P., Javanian M., Bayani F., Darbandi Z., Bayani M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Хедаяти Ф., Лотфи С., Эбрахими П., Яваниан М., Баяни Ф., Дарбанди З., Баяни М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hedayati F., Lotfi S., Ebrahimi P., Javanian M., Bayani F., Darbandi Z., Bayani M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хедаяти Ф., Лотфи С., Эбрахими П., Яваниан М., Баяни Ф., Дарбанди З., Баяни М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/15617">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/15617</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Hepatitis B in pregnant mothers can pose a risk to both the mother and the baby. If left untreated or undiagnosed, hepatitis B can be passed from mother to child during childbirth, leading to chronic hepatitis B infection in the baby. However, with proper prenatal care, including testing and vaccination, the risk of transmission can be significantly reduced. This study investigates the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in pregnant women before and after the start of the national hepatitis B vaccination plan. Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on all pregnant mothers in Babol County who gave birth between 2018 and 2020. Then the mothers’ information, including a history of vaccination, place of residence, and HBsAg status, was recorded and checked through the online system and their health records. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and were displayed as frequency and percentage. Qualitative variables were analyzed with Chi-square tests. Finally, with the logistic regression model, we investigated the effect of variables on hepatitis. In all tests, P-value less than 0.05 is significant. Results. The prevalence of positive HBsAg among 11 282 pregnant women in Babol city was 61 (0.5%). The prevalence rate among vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers was 8 (0.2%) and 53 (0.7%), respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The Prevalence of positive HBsAg among city and village residents was 26 people (0.4%) and 35 people (0.7%), respectively, and this difference was not significant (p = 0.07). Also, rural (p = 0.02, OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.08–302) and unvaccinated (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 3.79, 95%CI: 1.79–8.01) mothers had a higher chance of contracting hepatitis B. Conclusion. The results indicated that national hepatitis B vaccination in newborns has notably decreased infection rates in future childbearing women. Hepatitis B is a preventable disease through vaccination. The vaccine has demonstrated both safety and high immunogenicity. It is crucial to maintain the immunization of newborns and adhere to the screening guidelines for pregnant mothers as outlined in the national program.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Гепатит B у беременных матерей может представлять риск как для матери, так и для ребенка. Если его не лечить или не диагностировать, вирус гепатита B (ВГВ) может передаваться от матери к ребенку во время родов, что приводит к хронической ВГВ-инфекции у ребенка. Однако при надлежащем дородовом уходе, включая тестирование и вакцинацию, риск передачи может быть значительно снижен. В приводимом исследовании изучается распространенность поверхностного антигена гепатита B (HBsAg) у беременных женщин до и после старта национального плана вакцинации против гепатита B. Материалы и методы. Проведенное поперечное исследование включало всех беременных женщин в округе Баболь, родивших в период с 2018 по 2020 г. Затем информация о матерях, включая историю вакцинации, место жительства и статус HBsAg, была записана и проверена через онлайн-систему и их медицинские карты. Полученные данные были проанализированы с помощью программного обеспечения SPSS версии 22 и представлены как частота и процентное содержание. Качественные переменные были проанализированы с помощью теста хи-квадрат. Наконец, с помощью модели логистической регрессии исследовалось влияние переменных на гепатит. Во всех тестах значение p &lt; 0,05 принято, как статистически достоверное. Результаты. Распространенность положительного HBsAg среди 11282 беременных женщин в городе Баболь составила 61 (0,5%). Показатель распространенности среди вакцинированных и невакцинированных матерей составил 8 (0,2%) и 53 (0,7%) соответственно, и эта разница была статистически значимой (p = 0,001). Распространенность положительного HBsAg теста среди жителей города и деревни составила 26 человек (0,4%) и 35 человек (0,7%) соответственно (p = 0,07). Кроме того, у сельских (p = 0,02, ОШ = 1,82, 95% ДИ: 1,08–302) и невакцинированных (p &lt; 0,001, ОШ = 3,79, 95% ДИ: 1,79–8,01) матерей риск заражения гепатитом B был выше. Вывод. Результаты показали, что национальная вакцинация новорожденных от гепатита B значительно снизила уровень инфицирования у будущих матерей. Гепатит B является заболеванием, которое можно предотвратить с помощью вакцинации. Вакцина продемонстрировала как безопасность, так и высокую иммуногенность. Крайне важно поддерживать иммунизацию новорожденных и придерживаться рекомендаций по скринингу беременных женщин, отраженных в национальной программе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hepatitis B antigens</kwd><kwd>pregnant women</kwd><kwd>hepatitis B vaccines</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>neonate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антигены гепатита B</kwd><kwd>беременные женщины</kwd><kwd>вакцины против гепатита B</kwd><kwd>распространенность</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alimonos K., Nafziger A.N., Murray J., Bertino J.S. Jr. Prediction of response to hepatitis B vaccine in health care workers: whose titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen should be determined after a three-dose series, and what are the implications in terms of cost-effectiveness? Clin. Infect. 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