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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15452</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-CBE-15452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Crosstalk between ESKAPE bacteria and NK cells: mutual regulation and role in developing reproductive tract pathologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимодействие бактерий группы ESKAPE и NK-клеток: взаимная регуляция и роль в развитии репродуктивных патологий</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-9732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebenkina</surname><given-names>Polina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенкина</surname><given-names>Полина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, PhD Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, аспирант</p></bio><email>grebenkinap@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1560-7529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selkov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сельков</surname><given-names>Сергей Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отдела иммунологии и межклеточных взаимодействий</p></bio><email>selkovsa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-3250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraeva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краева</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Professor of the Department of Microbiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, зав. лабораторией медицинской бактериологии, профессор кафедры микробиологии</p></bio><email>lykraeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-2531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Associate Professor, Head of Laboratory of Intercellular Interactions, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, доцент, зав. лабораторией межклеточных взаимодействий, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной иммунологии</p></bio><email>falcojugger@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D.O. Ott</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ НИИ акушерства, гинекологии и репродуктологии имени Д.О. Отта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>609</fpage><lpage>626</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Grebenkina P.V., Selkov S.A., Kraeva L.А., Sokolov D.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Гребенкина П.В., Сельков С.А., Краева Л.А., Соколов Д.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grebenkina P.V., Selkov S.A., Kraeva L.А., Sokolov D.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребенкина П.В., Сельков С.А., Краева Л.А., Соколов Д.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/15452">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/15452</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Natural killer (NK) cells represent one of the innate lymphoid cell subsets, which are often studied in the context of antitumor and antiviral immunity, as well as due to their localization in the zone of the mother-fetus contact (in the uterus), therefore underlying their extensive investigation in developing pregnancy. At the same time, their role in antibacterial immune response has been poorly examined. Because NK cells can produce cytokines, one of putative options for their participation in eliminating prokaryotic pathogens may be coupled to regulation of immune system cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, etc. However, there have been also described variants of contact cytolysis of cells infected with intracellular bacteria enabled due to cytotoxic proteins — perforin, granzymes, granulisin found in NK cells. In recent years, it has become known that NK cells take part in development of immune response against extracellular bacteria including the ESKAPE group bacteria, which includes opportunistic prokaryotes that most actively develop antibiotic resistance and cause nosocomial infections. Here, we attempted to review the data on the role NK cells play in antibacterial immunity. Assessing a crosstalk between ESKAPE group bacteria and NK cells also attracts researchers due to the ability of prokaryotes to alter functions of immune cells, but very little is known about the effects they exert on NK cells. At the same time, such data could be applied to seek out for new ways to treat oncological diseases as well as pave the basis for new approaches to regulating NK cell characteristics in reproductive pathologies. As mentioned earlier, the latter occur in the decidual membrane, where they can interact with fetal cells including trophoblast cells. It is believed that cells can mutually regulate each other’s properties necessary for the course of physiological pregnancy. Probably, imbalance in this system can lead to development of reproductive pathologies. The review summarizes the currently available data on the effects of ESKAPE group bacteria on NK cells, and also considers putative mechanisms for emergence of impaired interaction between NK cells and trophoblasts exposed to ESKAPE group bacteria. Owing to few publications available on this phenomenon, the experimental study assessing an impact of ESKAPE group bacteria on NK cell properties is envisioned as a necessary stage in development of contemporary biology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Естественные киллеры (NK-клетки) являются одной из групп лимфоцитов врожденного иммунитета. Часто NK-клетки изучают в контексте противоопухолевого и противовирусного иммунитета, а из-за нахождения в зоне границы контакта матери и плода (в матке) активно изучают их роль в развитии беременности. При этом их участие в антибактериальном иммунном ответе недостаточно изучено. Поскольку NK-клетки могут продуцировать цитокины, одним из возможных вариантов их участия в элиминации прокариотических патогенов является регуляция клеток иммунной системы — дендритных клеток, макрофагов и др. Однако в литературе также описаны варианты контактного цитолиза клеток, подвергшихся заражению внутриклеточными бактериями. Это возможно благодаря содержанию цитотоксических белков — перфорина, гранзимов, гранулизина в NK-клетках. В последние годы стало известно об участии NK-клеток в развитии иммунного ответа в отношении внеклеточных бактерий, в том числе группы ESKAPE, в состав которой входят условно-патогенные прокариоты, наиболее активно развивающие антибиотикорезистентность и вызывающие внутрибольничные инфекции. В обзоре авторами предпринята попытка обобщения данных научной литературы о роли NK-клеток в антибактериальном иммунитете. Изучение взаимодействия бактерий группы ESKAPE и NK-клеток также привлекает исследователей в связи со способностью прокариот изменять функции клеток иммунной системы, однако об оказываемых на NK-клетки эффектах известно крайне мало. При этом такие данные могли бы найти применение в аспекте поиска новых способов лечения онкологических заболеваний, а также стать основой для разработки новых подходов к регуляции характеристик NK-клеток при репродуктивных патологиях. Как упоминалось ранее, NK-клетки встречаются в децидуальной оболочке, где могут взаимодействовать с клетками плода, в том числе с клетками трофобласта. На сегодняшний день считается, что клетки могут взаимно регулировать свойства друг друга, что необходимо для протекания физиологической беременности. Вероятно, нарушение баланса в этой системе способно привести к развитию репродуктивных патологий. В обзоре суммированы имеющиеся на сегодняшний день данные об эффектах бактерий группы ESKAPE на NK-клетки, а также рассмотрены возможные механизмы развития нарушений взаимодействия NK-клеток и клеток трофобласта под влиянием бактерий группы ESKAPE. Поскольку в литературе нами встречено мало данных об этом явлении, экспериментальное изучение влияния бактерий группы ESKAPE на свойства NK-клеток видится необходимым этапом развития современной биологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NK cells</kwd><kwd>ESKAPE bacteria</kwd><kwd>trophoblast</kwd><kwd>antibacterial immunity</kwd><kwd>reproductive pathologies</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>phenotype</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NK-клетки</kwd><kwd>бактерии ESKAPE</kwd><kwd>трофобласт</kwd><kwd>антибактериальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>репродуктивные патологии</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>фенотип</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Малышкина Д.А., Анциферова Ю.С., Долгушина Н.В. 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