Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI150810.15789/2220-7619-TCP-1508REVIEWSОБЗОРЫThe COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of the current evidenceПандемия COVID-19: систематический обзор современных данныхGhomiR.ГомиР.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
razbebehzadmehr@gmail.comAsgariN.АсгариН.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

Narges Asgari

razbebehzadmehr@gmail.comHajiheydariA.ХаджихейдариА.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
razbebehzadmehr@gmail.comEstekiR.ЭстекиР.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
razbebehzadmehr@gmail.comBiyabanakiF.БйабанакиФ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
razbebehzadmehr@gmail.comNasirinasabF.НасиринасабФ.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
razbebehzadmehr@gmail.com9 Dey Manzariyeh Hospital, Isfahan University of medical scienceИсфаханский Университет медицинских наук9 Dey Manzariyeh Hospital, Isfahan University of medical scienceИсфаханский университет медицинских наук271120201046556631206202031082020Copyright ©; 2020, Ghomi R., Asgari N., Hajiheydari A., Esteki R., Biyabanaki F., Nasirinasab F.Copyright ©; 2020, Гоми Р., Асгари Н., Хаджихейдари А., Эстеки Р., Бйабанаки Ф., Насиринасаб Ф.2020Ghomi R., Asgari N., Hajiheydari A., Esteki R., Biyabanaki F., Nasirinasab F.Гоми Р., Асгари Н., Хаджихейдари А., Эстеки Р., Бйабанаки Ф., Насиринасаб Ф.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1508

Introduction. An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) begun in December 2019 in China, causing primary concern. One of the important issues is its rapid spread around the world. Among the questions raised, disease epidemiology, clinical, laboratory symptoms and radiological findings and treatment of COVID-19 disease have been identified in some studies. But no systematic review on current evidences about COVID-19 has been published.

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.

Data sources. We performed a systematic review of the literature, using the keywords: “coronavirus” and “2020”, “COVID-19” in databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Springer and Scopus during January 1, 2020 to February 23, 2020.

Study Selection. All observational studies, as well as case reports and editorial that published in English were include. Data Extraction. Data on the disease control methods of COVID-19 were extracted by multiple observers.

Results. 131 articles were retrieved. After screening by abstract and title, 58 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Of them, 43 were finally included for review. The COVID-19 has spread rapidly and can be transmitted via close human-to-human contact via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal droplets. The COVID-19, causing considerable problems, especially in patients with comorbidities and old patients. Fever, cough, sore throat and diarrhea are the main clinical features of this emerging disease. The most common radiological finding is bilateral ground-glass view and Lopinavir and Ritonavir are among the antiviral drugs used.

Conclusion. COVID-19 is a new clinical infectious disease and can be a serious problem for health systems. Additional research is needed to elucidate factors that may mediate the pathogenesis of the severe and fatal associated disease.

Введение. Эпидемия коронавирусного заболевания 2019 г. (COVID-19) началась в декабре 2019 г. в Китае и представляет серьезную проблему. Одним из важных вопросов является ее быстрое распространение во всем мире. В ряде работ были описаны эпидемиология, клинико-лабораторные признаки, рентгенологические характеристики и лечение COVID-19. Однако в настоящее время в доступной литературе отсутствуют систематические обзоры, описывающие накопленные данные по COVID-19.

Цель: описание эпидемиологии COVID-19, а также клинических особенностей, диагностики и лечения.

Материалы и методы. Проведен систематический обзор литературы по ключевым словам «коронавирус» и «2020», «COV-ID-19» в базах данных: Science Direct, PubMed, Springer и Scopus за период с 1 января 2020 г. по 23 февраля 2020 г.

Отбор типа исследований: все обсервационные исследования, а также описание клинических случаев и редакционных комментариев на английском языке. Извлечение данных: различными наблюдателямипроизводилось извлечение данных по методам контроля COVID-19.

Результаты. В результате поиска удалось обнаружить 131 статью. После оценки содержания тезисов и названия статей были отобраны 58 работ для анализа полного текста статей, из которых в обзор включены 43 статьи. COVID-19 быстро распространяется и передается при тесном контакте между людьми через назо- и орофарингеальные аэрозоли. COVID-19 вызывал существенные проблемы, особенно у пациентов с сопутствующими заболеваниями и у лиц пожилого возраста. Основными клиническими чертами COVID-19 были лихорадка, кашель, боли в горле и диарея. Наиболее распространенным рентгенологическим признаком заболевания был картина двустороннего матового стекла. Для этиотропной терапии применялись Лопинавир и Ритонавир.

Выводы. COVID-19 является новым инфекционным заболеванием и представляет серьезную проблему для здравоохранения. Требуется проведение дополнительных исследований для определения факторов, которые могут опосредовать развитие патогенеза тяжелой и фатальной формы заболевания.

CoronavirusSARS-CoV-2COVID-19коронавирусSARS-CoV-2COVID-191. Al-Tawfiq J.A., Zumla A., Memish Z.A. Travel implications of emerging coronaviruses: SARS and MERS-CoV. Travel Med. Infect. Dis., 2014, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 422—428. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.06.0072. Albarello F., Pianura E., Di Stefano F., Cristofaro M., Petrone A., Marchioni L., Palazzolo C., Schinina V., Nicastri E., Petrosillo N., Campioni P., Eskild P., Zumla A., Ippolito G.; COVID 19 INMI Study Group. 2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: an uncommon radiological presentation. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 93, pp. 192-197. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.0433. Arabi Y.M., Alothman A., Balkhy H.H., Al-Dawood A., Al Johani S., Al Harbi S., Kojan S., Al Jeraisy M., Deeb A.M., Assiri A.M., Al-Hameed F., Al Saedi A., Mandourah Y., Almekhlafi G.A., Sherbeeni N.M., Elzein F.E., Memon J., Taha Y., Almotairi A., Maghrabi K.A., Qushmaq I., Al Bshabshe A., Kharaba A., Shalhoub S., Jose J., Fowler R.A., Hayden F.G., Hussein M.A.; The MIRACLE trial group. Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-в 1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2018, vol. 19, no. 1: 81. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2427- 04. Assiri A., Al-Tawfiq J.A., Al-Rabeeah A.A., Al-Rabiah F.A., Al-Hajjar S., Al-Barrak A., Flemban H., Al-Nassir W.N., Balkhy H.H., Al-Hakeem R.F., Makhdoom H.Q., Zumla A.I., Memish Z.A. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect. Dis,, 2013, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 752-61. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-45. Bai Y., Yao L., Wei T., Tian F., Jin D.Y., Chen L., Wang M. Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19. JAMA, 2020, vol. 323, no. 14, pp. 1406-1407. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.25656. Bonilla-Aldana D.K., Quintero-Rada K., Montoya-Posada J.P., Ramfrez-Ocampo S., Paniz-Mondolfi A., Rabaan A.A., Sah R., Rodrfguez-Morales A.J. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and now the 2019-novel CoV: have we investigated enough about coronavi-ruses? A bibliometric analysis. Travel Med. Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 33:101566. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.1015667. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention C. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). 2020. URL: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html8. Chan J.F., Yuan S., Kok K.H., To K.K., Chu H., Yang J., Xing F., Liu J., Yip C.C., Poon R.W., Tsoi H.W., Lo S.K., Chan K.H., Poon V.K., Chan W.M., Ip J.D., Cai J.P., Cheng V.C., Chen H., Hui C.K., Yuen K.Y. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10223, pp. 514-523. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-99. Chan-Yeung M., Xu R.H. SARS: epidemiology. Respirology, 2003, vol. 8 (suppl. 1), pp. S9-S14. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00518.x. PMID: 15018127; PMCID: PMC7169193.10. Chen H., Guo J., Wang C., Luo F., Yu X., Zhang W., Li J., Zhao D., Xu D., Gong Q., Liao J., Yang H., Hou W., Zhang Y. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, pp. 809-815. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.04.00311. Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., Qu J., Gong F., Han Y., Qiu Y., Wang J., Liu Y., Wei Y., Xia J., Yu T., Zhang X., Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10223, pp. 507-513. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-712. Chen Q., Liang M., Li Y., Guo J., Fei D., Wang L., He L., Sheng C., Cai Y., Li X., Wang J., Zhang Z. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. e15-e16. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X13. Chen X., Tian J., Li G., Li G. Initiation of a new infection control system for the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Infect Dis., 2020, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 397-398. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30110-914. Chen Y., Liu Q., Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol., 2020, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 418-423. doi: 10.1002/jmv.2568115. Cheng Z.J., Shan J. 2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know. Infection., 2020, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 155-163. doi: 10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y16. Chu C.M., Cheng V.C., Hung I.F., Wong M.M., Chan K.H., Chan K.S., Kao R.Y., Poon L.L., Wong C.L., Guan Y., Peiris J.S., Yuen K.Y.; HKU/UCH SARS Study Group. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax, 2004, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 252-256. doi: 10.1136/thorax.2003.01265817. Cohen E.C. CDC to screen at three US airports for signs of new virus from China. CNN Health. 2020. January 17. URL: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/17/health/wuhan-virus-us-airport-screenings-china-bn/index.html18. COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 2 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 8 February 2020). Commun. Dis. Intell. (2018), 2020: 44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.1419. COVID-19: fighting panic with information. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10224, p. 537. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30379-220. De Groot R.J., Baker S.C., Baric R.S., Brown C.S., Drosten C., Enjuanes L., Fouchier R.A., Galiano M., Gorbalenya A.E., Memish Z.A., Perlman S., Poon L.L., Snijder E.J., Stephens G.M., Woo P.C., Zaki A.M., Zambon M., Ziebuhr J. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group. J. Virol., 2013, vol. 87, no. 14, pp. 7790-7792. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01244-1321. De Wit E., van Doremalen N., Falzarano D., Munster V.J. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2016, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 523-534. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.8122. Gao J., Tian Z., Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci. Trends, 2020, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 72-73. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.0104723. Gardner L. Mapping COVID-19. 2020. URL: https://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov24. Gostic K., Gomez A.C., Mummah R.O., Kucharski A.J., Lloyd-Smith J.O. Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Elife, 2020, vol. 9: e55570. doi: 10.7554/eLife.5557025. Guan W., Ni Z., Hu Y., Liang W., Ou C., He J., Liu L., Shan H., Lei C., Hui D.S.C., Du B., Li L., Zeng G., Yuen K.-Y., Chen R., Tang C., Wang T., Chen P., Xiang J., Li S., Wang J., Liang Z., Peng Y., Wei L., Liu Y., Hu Y., Peng P., Wang J., Liu J., Chen Z., Li G., Zheng Z., Qiu S., Luo J., Ye C., Zhu S., Zhong N., for the China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med., 2020, vol. 382, pp. 1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa200203226. Guarner J. Three emerging coronaviruses in two decades. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 2020, vol. 153, no. 4, pp. 420-421. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa02927. Habibzadeh P., Stoneman E.K. The Novel Coronavirus: a bird’s eye view. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Med., 2020, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6571. doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2020.192128. Hernandez J.C., Austin Ramzy T. China confirms new coronavirus spreads from humans to humans. The New York Times. 2020. 24 January. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/20/world/asia/coronavirus-china-symptoms.html29. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y., Zhang L., Fan G., Xu J., Gu X., Cheng Z., Yu T., Xia J., Wei Y., Wu W., Xie X., Yin W., Li H., Liu M., Xiao Y., Gao H., Guo L., Xie J., Wang G., Jiang R., Gao Z., Jin Q., Wang J., Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10223, pp. 497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-530. Jalava K. First respiratory transmitted food borne outbreak? Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 2020, vol. 226: 113490. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.11349031. Kim H. Outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): What is the role of radiologists? Eur. Radiol., 2020, vol. 30, pp. 3266-3267. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06748-232. Kim J.Y., Ko J.H., Kim Y., Kim Y.J., Kim J.M., Chung Y.S., Kim H.M., Han M.G., Kim S.Y., Chin B.S. Viral load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in first two patients in Korea. J. Korean Med. Sci., 2020, vol. 35, no. 7: e86. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e8633. Lai C.C., Shih T.P., Ko W.C., Tang H.J., Hsueh P.R. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coro-navirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2020, vol. 55, no. 3: 105924. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.10592434. Lee N., Hui D., Wu A., Chan P., Cameron P., Joynt G.M., Ahuja A., Yung M.Y., Leung C.B., To K.F., Lui S.F., Szeto C.C., Chung S., Sung J.J. A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, vol. 348, no. 20, pp. 1986-1994. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa03068535. Liem A., Wang C., Wariyanti Y., Latkin C.A., Hall B.J. The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 7, no. 4: e20. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30076-636. Lim J., Jeon S., Shin H.Y., Kim M.J., Seong Y.M., Lee W.J., Choe K.W., Kang Y.M., Lee B., Park S.J. Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of COVID-19 infection in Korea: the application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 infected pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. J. Korean. Med. Sci., 2020, vol. 35, no. 6: e79. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e7937. Lin C., Ding Y., Xie B., Sun Z., Li X., Chen Z., Niu M. Asymptomatic novel coronavirus pneumonia patient outside Wuhan: the value of CT images in the course of the disease. Clin. Imaging, 2020, vol. 63, pp. 7-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.02.00838. Lin X., Gong Z., Xiao Z., Xiong J., Fan B., Liu J. Novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in 2019: computed tomographic findings in two cases. Korean J. Radiol., 2020, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 365-368. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2020.007839. Liu S., Yang L., Zhang C., Xiang Y.T., Liu Z., Hu S., Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. e17-e18. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-840. Lum L.H.W., Tambyah P.A. Outbreak of COVID-19 — an urgent need for good science to silence our fears? Singapore Med. J., 2020, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 55-57. doi: 10.11622/smedj.202001841. MacLaren G., Fisher D., Brodie D. Preparing for the most critically ill patients with COVID-19: the potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. JAMA, 2020, vol. 323, no. 13, pp. 1245-1246. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.234242. Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G.; PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med., 2009, vol. 6, no. 7: e1000097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.100009743. Nassar M.S., Bakhrebah M.A., Meo S.A., Alsuabeyl M.S., Zaher W.A. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol, Sci., 2018, vol. 22, no. 15, pp. 4956-4961. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201808_1563544. Pan Y., Guan H. Imaging changes in patients with 2019-nCov. Eur. Radiol., 2020, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 3612-3613. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06713-z45. Peeri N.C., Shrestha N., Rahman M.S., Zaki R., Tan Z., Bibi S., Baghbanzadeh M., Aghamohammadi N., Zhang W., Haque U. The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int. J. Epidemiol., 2020, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 717-726. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa03346. Qiao J. What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women? Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10226,pp. 760-762. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30365-247. Qin C., Liu F., Yen T.C., Lan X. 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of COVID-19: a series of four highly suspected cases. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2020, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 1281-1286. doi: 10.1007/s00259-020-04734-w48. Rivers C.M., Majumder M.S., Lofgren E.T. Risks of death and severe disease in patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, 2012—2015. Am. J. Epidemiol, 2016, vol. 184, no. 6, pp. 460-464. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww01349. Sabino-Silva R., Jardim A.C.G., Siqueira W.L. Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis. Clin. OralInvestig., 2020, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1619-1621. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03248-x50. Sheahan T.P., Sims A.C., Graham R.L., Menachery V.D., Gralinski L.E., Case J.B., Leist S.R., Pyrc K., Feng J.Y., Trantcheva I., Bannister R., Park Y., Babusis D., Clarke M.O., Mackman R.L., Spahn J.E., Palmiotti C.A., Siegel D., Ray A.S., Cihlar T., Jordan R., Denison M.R., Baric R.S. Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci. Transl. Med., 2017, vol. 9, no. 396: eaal3653. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal365351. Sheahan T.P., Sims A.C., Leist S.R., Schafer A., Won J., Brown A.J., Montgomery S.A., Hogg A., Babusis D., Clarke M.O., Spahn J.E., Bauer L., Sellers S., Porter D., Feng J.Y., Cihlar T., Jordan R., Denison M.R., Baric R.S. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat. Commun., 2020, vol. 11, no. 1,p. 222. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13940-652. Song P., Karako T. COVID-19: Real-time dissemination of scientific information to fight a public health emergency of international concern. Biosci. Trends, 2020, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-2. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.0105653. Srikantiah P., Charles M.D., Reagan S., Clark T.A., Pletz M.W., Patel P.R., Hoekstra R.M., Lingappa J., Jernigan J.A., Fischer M. SARS clinical features, United States, 2003. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2005, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 135-138. doi: 10.3201/eid1101.04058554. Tian S., Hu N., Lou J., Chen K., Kang X., Xiang Z., Chen H., Wang D., Liu N., Liu D., Chen G., Zhang Y., Li D., Li J., Lian H., Niu S., Zhang L., Zhang J. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J. Infect., 2020, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 401-406. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf2020.02.01855. Tong Z.D., Tang A., Li K.F., Li P., Wang H.L., Yi J.P., Zhang Y.L., Yan J.B. Potential presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhejiang province, China, 2020. Emerg. Infect. Dis, 2020, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1052-1054. doi: 10.3201/eid2605.20019856. Tsang K.W., Ho P.L., Ooi G.C., Yee W.K., Wang T., Chan-Yeung M., Lam W.K., Seto W.H., Yam L.Y., Cheung T.M., Wong P.C., Lam B., Ip M.S., Chan J., Yuen K.Y., Lai K.N. A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. N. Engl. J. Med, 2003, vol. 348, no. 20, pp. 1977-85. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa03066657. Van Cuong L., Giang H.T.N., Linh L.K., Shah J., Van Sy L., Hung T.H., Reda A., Truong L.N., Tien D.X., Huy N.T. The first Vietnamese case of COVID-19 acquired from China. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 408-409. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30111-058. Velavan T.P., Meyer C.G. The C.O.V.ID-19 epidemic. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 2020, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 278-280. doi: 10.1111/tmi.1338359. Wang C., Horby P.W., Hayden F.G., Gao G.F. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10223, pp. 470-473. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-960. Wong J.E.L., Leo Y.S., Tan C.C. COVID-19 in Singapore-current experience: critical global issues that require attention and action. JAMA,, 2020, vol. 323, no. 13, pp. 1243-1244. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.246761. World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-66. 2020. URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_262. Wu C., Liu Y., Yang Y., Zhang P., Zhong W., Wang Y., Wang Q., Xu Y., Li M., Li X., Zheng M., Chen L., Li H. Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharm. Sin. B., 2020, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 766-788. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.00863. Wu J., Wu X., Zeng W., Guo D., Fang Z., Chen L., Huang H., Li C. Chest CT findings in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and its relationship with clinical features. Invest. Radiol., 2020, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 257-261. doi: 10.1097/RLI.000000000000067064. Wu J.T., Leung K., Leung G.M. Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, no. 10225, pp. 689-697. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30260-965. Xu Y.H., Dong J.H., An W.M., Lv X.Y., Yin X.P., Zhang J.Z., Dong L., Ma X., Zhang H.J., Gao B.L. Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. J. Infect., 2020, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 394-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf2020.02.01766. Xu Z., Li S., Tian S., Li H., Kong L.Q. Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted. Lancet., 2020, vol. 395, no. 10228, pp. 947-948. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30308-167. Yang X., Yu Y., Xu J., Shu H., Xia J., Liu H., Wu Y., Zhang L., Yu Z., Fang M., Yu T., Wang Y., Pan S., Zou X., Yuan S., Shang Y. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir. Med., 2020, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 475-481. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-568. Yang Y., Li W., Zhang Q., Zhang L., Cheung T., Xiang Y.T. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 7, no. 4: e19. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30079-169. Yang Y., Shang W., Rao X. Facing the COVID-19 outbreak: what should we know and what could we do? J. Med. Virol., 2020, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 536-537. doi: 10.1002/jmv.2572070. Yin Y., Wunderink R.G. MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia. Respirology, 2018, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 130137. doi: 10.1111/resp.1319671. Zhang J.J., Dong X., Cao Y.Y., Yuan Y.D., Yang Y.B., Yan Y.Q., Akdis C.A., Gao Y.D. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy, 2020, vol. 75, no. 7, pp. 1730-1741. doi: 10.1111/all.1423872. Zhang S., Diao M., Yu W., Pei L., Lin Z., Chen D. Estimation of the reproductive number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the probable outbreak size on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: a data-driven analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2020, vol. 93, pp. 201-204. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.03373. Zhang Y., Xu J., Li H., Cao B. A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: a call for action. Chest, 2020, vol. 157, no. 4, pp. e99-e101. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.01474. Zhu Y., Chen L., Ji H., Xi M., Fang Y., Li Y.. The risk and prevention of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections among inpatients in psychiatric hospitals. Neurosci. Bull., 2020, vol. 36, no. 3,pp. 299-302. doi: 10.1007/s12264-020-00476-9