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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1495</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-FOA-1495</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR THE PRACTICAL PHYSICIANS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of antifungal therapy during long-lasting infectious process: a clinical case of fungal keratitis and profile of antifungal sensitivity based on assessing biofilm formation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности антифунгальной терапии при длительном инфекционном процессе: клинический случай грибкового кератита и анализ профиля противогрибковой чувствительности с учетом формирования биопленок</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-6362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valieva</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиева</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rita I. Valieva, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Microbiology; Assistant Professor, V.M. Aristovsky Department of Microbiology </p><p>420015, Kazan, Bol'shaya Krasnaya str., 67</p><p>Phone: +7 (927) 403-15-07 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валиева Рита Илнуровна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии; ассистент кафедры микробиологии им. академика В.М. Аристовского </p><p>420015, г. Казань, ул. Б. Красная, 67</p><p>Тел.: 8 (927) 403-15-07</p></bio><email>valievarita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisovskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисовская</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Micology; Associate Professor, V.M. Aristovsky Department of Microbiology</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микологии; доцент кафедры микробиологии им. академика В.М. Аристовского </p><p>г. Казань </p></bio><email>s_lisovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayanskaya</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маянская</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ophthalmologist</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог</p><p>г. Казань </p></bio><email>kmayansk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samigullin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самигуллин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизики синаптических процессов</p><p>г. Казань </p></bio><email>samid75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>G. Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Г. Ш.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director; Head of the V.M. Aristovsky Department of Microbiology</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, зам. директора; зав. кафедрой микробиологии им. академика В.М. Аристовского </p><p>г. Казань </p></bio><email>guisaeva@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН Казанский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ophthalmological Clinic “Eye Surgery of Rascheskov”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Офтальмологическая клиника «Глазная хирургия Расческов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики, Казанский научный центр РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>789</fpage><lpage>797</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-11-29"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Valieva R.I., Lisovskaya S.A., Mayanskaya K.A., Samigullin D.V., Isaeva G.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Валиева Р.И., Лисовская С.А., Маянская К.А., Самигуллин Д.В., Исаева Г.Ш.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Valieva R.I., Lisovskaya S.A., Mayanskaya K.A., Samigullin D.V., Isaeva G.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Валиева Р.И., Лисовская С.А., Маянская К.А., Самигуллин Д.В., Исаева Г.Ш.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1495">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1495</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among infectious diseases, opportunistic mycoses hold a special place. There has been accumulating a lot of evidence regarding the clinical and epidemiological aspects of infection caused by Fusarium spp., which global incidence rate among microbial keratitis ranges from 2 to 40% depending on the geographical location of the country. Colonizing mucous membranes, fungi can exist not only in the form of plankton, but form biofilms after surface attachment, which leads to elevated resistance to multiple antifungal agents. Here we describe a clinical case of fungal keratitis due to Fusarium solani by determining profile of the antifungal sensitivity for isolated fungal strains, by taking into account their potential for biofilm formation. We used an F. solani culture isolated from the patient as well as F. solani test culture obtained from the Russian National Collection of Microorganisms. While determining the sensitivity of fungal planktonic cultures to antifungal agents from the azole group (fluconazole, voriconazole), amphotericin B and terbinafine, it was revealed that antimycotics amphotericin B and voriconazole exerted a marked antifungal activity against clinical isolate, whereas the plankton F. solani test culture was more sensitive to all groups of antifungal agents. Due to a long-lasting progressive course of the infectious process and the high biofilm-forming ability of the clinical strain F. solani, the activity of antifungal agents on biofilm cells was modeled and examined in vitro. It was shown that regarding to the fungal biofilms, value of the minimally inhibitory concentration exceeded those for planktonic cultures by 100-fold. The mechanisms of action for antifungal agents on vital parameters of fungal cell structures were analyzed by using confocal laser scanning microscopy after staining samples with propidium iodide and acridine orange for 15 min to detect changes between intact and damaged cell surface. It was found that within the biofilm fungal cells preserved viability even after exposure to high concentrations of antifungals. In addition, despite the fungicidal drug activity at substantial concentrations acting on the biofilm cell membrane, the cell nuclei remained viable. Owing to the presence ot the mechanism of resistance in mycelial fungi shown in the study, it is necessary to take into account and investigate characteristics of biofilms in terms of drug sensitivity that will allow to optimize a choice of antimicrobial therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Среди инфекционных болезней оппортунистические микозы занимают особое место. В литературе появляется все больше сведений о клинических и эпидемиологических аспектах инфекции, вызванных Fusarium spp. Частота встречаемости данной инфекции среди микробных кератитов в мире колеблется от 2 до 40% в зависимости от географического расположения страны. Колонизируя слизистые, грибы могут существовать не только в виде планктонных форм, но и, прикрепляясь к поверхности, образовывать биопленки, что приводит к возрастанию резистентности ко многим антифунгальным препаратам. В статье описан случай грибкового кератита, обусловленного грибами Fusarium solani, с определением профиля противогрибковой чувствительности выделенных штаммов грибов с учетом их способности к биопленкообразованию. В исследовании использовали культуру F. solani, выделенную от пациента, и тест-культуру F. solani, полученную из Всероссийской коллекции микроорганизмов. При определении чувствительности планктонных культур грибов к противогрибковым препаратам группы азолов (флуконазол, вориконазол), амфотерицина В и тербинафина выявлено, что выраженной противогрибковой активностью в отношении клинического штамма обладают антимикотики амфотерицин В и вориконазол, тогда как для планктонной культуры тест-штамма F. solani характерна более выраженная чувствительность ко всем группам препаратов. В связи с длительным прогрессирующим течением инфекционного процесса и высокой биопленкообразующей способностью клинического штамма F. solani исследована активность противогрибковых препаратов на клетки в составе биопленок, смоделированных in vitro. Показано, что в отношении биопленок показатели минимально ингибирующих концентраций превышают в 100 раз значения для планктонных культур. Проведен анализ механизмов действия противогрибковых препаратов на жизненную активность клеточных структур с помощью конфокальной лазерной сканирующей микроскопии. Окрашивание проводили с использованием пропидия йодида и акридина оранжевого в течение 15 мин для выявления различия между неповрежденной и поврежденной клеточной поверхностью гриба. Обнаружено, что в составе биопленки клетки сохраняли жизненную активность и под воздействием высоких концентраций веществ. Кроме того, несмотря на деструктивное воздействие значительных концентраций препарата на клеточную мембрану биопленки, ядра клеток оставались жизнеспособными. Необходимо учитывать наличие описанного в данной работе механизма резистентности у мицелиальных грибов и исследовать чувствительность биопленок к препаратам с целью оптимизации антимикотической терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>fungal keratitis</kwd><kwd>infectious process</kwd><kwd>antifungal agents</kwd><kwd>biofilm</kwd><kwd>confocal laser scanning microscopy</kwd><kwd>propidium iodide</kwd><kwd>acridine orange</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грибы Fusarium</kwd><kwd>грибковый кератит</kwd><kwd>инфекционный процесс</kwd><kwd>противогрибковые препараты</kwd><kwd>биопленка</kwd><kwd>конфокальная лазерная сканирующая микроскопия</kwd><kwd>пропидий йодид</kwd><kwd>акридин оранжевый</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Grant No. 20 04 00247 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. Part of the work with the use of confocal microscopy was carried out within the framework of research on the state order of the Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (state registration No. ААААА181180227900839).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ № 20 04 00247. Часть работы с применением конфокальной микроскопии проводилась в рамках исследований по госзаданию ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН (№ госрегистрации АААА А18 118022790083 9).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Астахов Ю.С., Скрябина Е.В., Коненкова Я.С., Касымов Ф.О., Богомолова Т.С., Пинегина О.Н. Диагностика и лечение грибковых кератитов // Офтальмологические ведомости. 2013. Т. 6, № 2. С. 75–80. [Astakhov Yu.S., Scriabin E.V., Konenkova Y.S., Kasymov F.O., Bogomolova T.S., Pinegin O.N. 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