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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1480</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-MGC-1480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular genetic characteristics of the carbapenem resistant <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae KP254</italic> strain as a representative of the highly virulent strain evolutionary branch</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярногенетическая характеристика карбапенем-устойчивого штамма <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae KP254</italic> как представителя эволюционной ветки высоковирулентных штаммов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-0268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna E. Alekseeva - PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Metagenomics and Molecular Indication of Pathogens, Blokhina I.N. Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Nizhny Novgorod.</p><p>603950, Nizhniy Novgorod, Malaya Yamskaya str., 71.</p><p>Phone: +7 (831) 432-87-91; Fax: +7 (831) 469-79-20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Анна Евгеньевна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории метагеномики и молекулярной индикации патогенов.</p><p>603950, Нижний Новгород, ул. Малая Ямская, 71.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (831) 432-87-91; Факс: 8 (831) 469-79-20</p></bio><email>a.e.alexeeva79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4582-5623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusnigina</surname><given-names>N. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бруснигина</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Metagenomics and Molecular Indication of Pathogens, Blokhina I.N. Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Nizhny Novgorod.</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий лабораторией метагеномики и молекулярной индикации патогенов.</p><p>Нижний Новгород.</p></bio><email>nfbrusnigina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-0332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordinskaya</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гординская</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Metagenomics and Molecular Indication of Pathogens, Blokhina I.N. Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Nizhny Novgorod.</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории метагеномики и молекулярной индикации патогенов.</p><p>Нижний Новгород.</p></bio><email>gordinskaya.nata@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.N. Blokhina Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородский НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>506</fpage><lpage>516</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-05-06"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-07-04"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Alekseeva A.E., Brusnigina N.F., Gordinskaya N.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Алексеева А.Е., Бруснигина Н.Ф., Гординская Н.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekseeva A.E., Brusnigina N.F., Gordinskaya N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алексеева А.Е., Бруснигина Н.Ф., Гординская Н.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1480">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1480</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Here we provide molecular and genetic characteristics of the <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae KP254</italic> clinical strain belonging to clonal group 23 based on the genome-wide sequencing data. It is known that representatives of such clonal group exert highly virulent properties and cause community-acquired infections. Phenotypically, <italic>K. pneumoniae KP254</italic> strain is characterized by multidrug resistance, including carbapenems. The determinants of antibiotic resistance (<italic>bla<sub>SHV-1</sub>, oqxAB, fosA</italic>) and pathogenicity encoding fimbriae 1, 3 types and the siderophore yersineobactin synthesis were found in the chromosome structure. However, there was uncovered the lack of conjugative element ICEKp1, the pathogenicity island KPHPI208, and the allantoin regulon genes which are often found in highly virulent strains. Analyzing nucleotide sequences <italic>in silico</italic> allowed to reveal the replicons of incompatibility group plasmids for FII, FIA<sub>HI1</sub>/FII<sub>K</sub>, Col<sub>440I</sub>, Col<sub>pVC</sub>, FIB<sub>K</sub>, FII<sub>pCRY</sub>. Combining contigs relative to reference sequences by using the BLASTN service allowed to identify two putative antibiotic resistance plasmids IncFII and IncFII<sub>pCRY</sub> as well as one virulence plasmid IncFIB<sub>K</sub>. The determinants of the aerobactin siderophore, the RmpA2 mucoid phenotype regulator as well as heavy metal resistance genes constitute the virulence plasmid structure. The virulence plasmid nucleotide sequence coverage comprised 93% relative to the virulence plasmid pK2044 with 99.38% identity level; the genomic regions responsible for the salmochelin and RmpA protein synthesis were deleted. The set of antibiotic resistance determinants identified in the mobilome structure includes the genes for beta-lactamase LAP-2 (IncFII<sub>pCRY</sub> plasmid) — a TEM-1 analogue, as well as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-55 (IncFII plasmid), both of which are rarely recorded in the Russian Federation. Additionally, widespread genes <italic>bla<sub>OXA-1</sub>, aac(3’)-IIa, ΔcatB4, aac (6’)-Ib-cr, tet(A), qnrSI, sul2, catA2</italic> were also found in the plasmid DNA. The carbapenemase genes are absent in the resistome structure, whereas the examined strain exerts carbapenem resistance. The analysis of the <italic>ompK35</italic> and <italic>ompK36</italic> porin gene translated sequences revealed mutational changes which resulted in emerged stop codon within the <italic>ompK35</italic> gene, whereas OmpK36 amino acid sequence contains a large number of substitutions, insertions, and deletions. The changes identified serve as one of the factors determining the carbapenem resistance. A synergistic effect may be accounted for by activity of the efflux pumps found in the structure of the <italic>K. pneumoniae KP254</italic> genome, particularly AcrAB-TolC and KpnEF. Thus, the strain examined by us preserves the most significant signs specific to the highly virulent evolutionary branch <italic>Klebsiella</italic> strains, and at the same time, acquires the multidrug resistance genetic determinants.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На основании результатов полногеномного секвенирования дана молекулярно-генетическая характеристика клинического штамма <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae KP254</italic>, принадлежащего к клональной группе 23. Известно, что представители данной клональной группы могут обладать высокой вирулентностью и являться возбудителями внебольничных инфекций. Фенотипически штамм <italic>K. pneumoniae KP254</italic> характеризуется множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, включая карбапенемы. В структуре хромосомы обнаружены детерминанты антибиотикорезистентности (<italic>bla<sub>SHV-1</sub>, oqxAB, fosA</italic>) и патогенности, кодирующие фимбрии 1 и 3 типов и синтез белка-сидерофора иерсинеобактина. Установлено отсутствие конъюгативного элемента ICEKp1, острова патогенности KPHPI208, а также генов аллантоинового регулона, которыми часто обладают высоковирулентные штаммы. Анализ нуклеотидных последовательностей <italic>in silico</italic> позволил выявить репликоны плазмид групп несовместимости FII, FIA<sub>HI1</sub>/FII<sub>K</sub>, Col<sub>440I</sub>, Col<sub>pVC</sub>, FIB<sub>K</sub>, FII<sub>pCRY</sub>. В результате объединения контигов относительно референсных последовательностей с использованием сервиса BLASTN определено наличие предположительно двух плазмид антибиотикорезистентности IncFII и IncFII<sub>pCRY</sub> и одной плазмиды вирулентности IncFIB<sub>K</sub>. В структуру плазмиды вирулентности входят детерминанты белка-сидерофора аэробактина, регулятора мукоидного фенотипа RmpA<sub>2</sub>, а также гены устойчивости к тяжелым металлам. Покрытие нуклеотидной последовательности плазмиды вирулентности составило 93% относительно плазмиды вирулентности pK2044 с уровнем идентичности 99,38%, делетированными оказались области, ответственные за синтез сальмохелина и белка RmpA. Набор детерминант антибиотикорезистентности, выявленных в структуре мобилома, включает гены бета-лактамазы LAP-2 (плазмида IncFII<sub>pCRY</sub>) — аналога TEM-1, — а также бета-лактамазы расширенного спектра CTX-X-55 (плазмида IncFII). Обе детерминанты являются редко регистрируемыми на территории Российской Федерации. Дополнительно в составе плазмидной ДНК обнаружены широко распространенные гены <italic>bla<sub>OXA-1</sub>, aac(3’)-IIa, ΔcatB4, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, tet(A), qnrSI, sul2, catA2</italic>. В структуре резистома отсутствую гены карбапенемаз, в то время как исследуемый штамм обладает устойчивостью к карбапенемам. В результате анализа транслированных последовательностей генов пориновых белков OmpK35 и OmpK36 обнаружены мутационные изменения, которые привели к формированию стоп-кодона в гене <italic>ompK35</italic>. Также установлено, что аминокислотная последовательность OmpK36 содержит большое количество замен, вставок и делеций.. Наличие подобных изменений является одним из факторов, определяющих устойчивость к карбапенемам. Синергетический эффект может оказывать активность эффлюксных насосов, присутствующих в структуре генома <italic>K. pneumoniae KP254</italic>, в частности AcrAB-TolC и KpnEF. Таким образом, у исследуемого штамма наблюдается сохранение наиболее значимых признаков, характерных для представителей эволюционной ветки высоковирулентных штаммов клебсиелл, и в тоже время приобретение генетических детерминант множественной лекарственной устойчивости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Klesiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>sequence type 23</kwd><kwd>CTX-M-55</kwd><kwd>LAP-2</kwd><kwd>determinants of resistance and pathogenicity</kwd><kwd>plasmids</kwd><kwd>virulence</kwd><kwd>porins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Klesiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>сиквенс-тип 23</kwd><kwd>CTX-M-55</kwd><kwd>LAP-2</kwd><kwd>детерминанты резистентности и патогенности</kwd><kwd>плазмиды</kwd><kwd>вирулентность</kwd><kwd>порины.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Алексеева А.Е., Бруснигина Н.Ф., Солнцев Л.А., Гординская Н.А. 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