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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1468</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-LTL-1468</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lessons to learn: COVID-19 epidemic in Italy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Уроки эпидемии COVID-19 в Италии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3223-8219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Semenov Alexander V</bold>., PhD (Biology), Deputy Director for Innovation, Head of the Laboratory of Virology and Immunology HIV, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute; Professor, Department of Immunology, Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</p><p><italic>197101, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Семенов Александр Владимирович</bold>, доктор биологических наук, заместитель директора по инновационной работе, заведующий лабораторией иммунологии и вирусологии ВИЧ-инфекции ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера; профессор кафедры иммунологии ГБОУ ВПО Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова МЗ РФ</p><p><italic>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14</italic></p></bio><email>alexvsemenov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnaya</surname><given-names>N. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничная</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Deputy Director for Clinical and Analytical Work, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Leading Researcher, Central Research Laboratory, Rostov State Medical University</p><p><italic>Moscow, <italic>Rostov-on-Don</italic></italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по клинико-аналитической работе ФБУН Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора; ведущий научный сотрудник центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</p><p><italic><italic>Москва,</italic>Ростов-на Дону</italic></p></bio><email>natalia-pshenichnaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН  Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Ростовский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-08-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>410</fpage><lpage>420</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-24"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-05-06"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Semenov A.V., Pshenichnaya N.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Семенов А.В., Пшеничная Н.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenov A.V., Pshenichnaya N.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенов А.В., Пшеничная Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1468">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1468</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Here we provide the assessment of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, which scale has led to serious challenges both for society and national health care system. Despite timely information regarding the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus infection, the country’s health care was not prepared to dramatically increased rate of patients with viral pneumonia at the first stage of the epidemic, infection control measures were not fully implemented that also led to spread of infection among health care workers. Socially vulnerable population groups did not seek timely medical care due to the lack of hospital facilities as well as well-trained medical personnel. At the second stage of developing epidemic, were also delayed and executed at varying timepoints in neighbor regions, with sustained insufficient management after implementing them that was reflected as ongoing rise of epidemic curve over long time. Delayed execution of anti-epidemic restrictive measures aimed at fighting against ongoing epidemic resulted in substantially increased morbidity and mortality among vulnerable population groups and retarded rate of decreasing COVID-19 epidemic curve. Analyzing response measures taken in Italy against COVID-19 epidemic should be appreciated by other countries while dealing with the current pandemic and preparing to react to novel biological threats in the future.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье приводится оценка эпидемии COVID-19 в Италии, масштабы которой привели к серьезнейшим вызовам для общества и для национальной системы здравоохранения. После информирования ВОЗ о ситуации, связанной с угрозой пандемического распространения коронавирусной инфекции, Италия своевременно закрыла границы с Китаем, но после возникновения случаев COVID-19, связанных с местной трансмиссией, экстренно не ввела ограничительные меры на первом этапе развития эпидемии. В результате лавинообразный рост числа больных с вирусной пневмонией привел к колоссальной перегрузке системы здравоохранения, снижению соблюдения мер инфекционного контроля и, как следствие, инфицированию медицинских работников, составивших около 10% всех больных. Социально уязвимые группы населения не обращались своевременно за медицинской помощью из-за нехватки коечного фонда и подготовленного персонала. На втором этапе развития эпидемии ограничительные меры также вводились с опозданием и неодновременно в соседних регионах, сохранялся недостаточный уровень исполнения противоэпидемических мероприятий, что нашло свое отражение в продолжающемся росте эпидемической кривой в течение длительного времени. Отсроченное введение комплекса мер, направленных на борьбу с эпидемией, привело к значительному росту заболеваемости и смертности среди уязвимых групп населения, повысило скорость распространения возбудителя и замедлило темпы снижения заболеваемости COVID-19. Анализ ответных мер на эпидемию COVID-19 в Италии должен быть учтен другими странами в борьбе с текущей пандемией и в подготовке к ответу на биологические угрозы в будущем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-2019</kwd><kwd>epidemic curve</kwd><kwd>Italy</kwd><kwd>coronavirus</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>epidemic control and response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>эпидемическая кривая</kwd><kwd>Италия</kwd><kwd>коронавирус</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV2</kwd><kwd>контроль над эпидемией</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Boccia S., Ricciardi W., Ioannidis J.P. What other countries can learn from Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Int.Med. 2020 Apr 7. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1447</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. 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