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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1454</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ACA-1454</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A comparative analysis of miRNA expression in human lung epithelial cells during infection with influenza virus and RNAse treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ экспрессии микроРНК в эпителиальных клетках легких человека при заражении вирусом гриппа и обработке РНКазой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-8325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baichurina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байчурина</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>letovaira1995@mail.ru</email><uri>https://kpfu.ru/main?p_id=40904</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-2091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Researcher, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, научный сотрудник института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>mimarkelova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shah Mahmud</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шах Махмуд</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>raihan.shah@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Baichurina I.A., Markelova M.I., Shah Mahmud R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Байчурина И.А., Маркелова М.И., Шах Махмуд Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baichurina I.A., Markelova M.I., Shah Mahmud R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байчурина И.А., Маркелова М.И., Шах Махмуд Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1454">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1454</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The influenza virus is capable of causing an acute respiratory infection that affects 5 to 20% of the human population annually. The spread of the influenza virus epidemic occurs within a short period of time due to its high contagiousness. In addition, the annual circulation of the virus among livestock and waterfowl increases for new strains a risk of zoonotic transmission to human populations with unestablished yet immunity. In addition, several high virulence pandemic strains have emerged in the past, and the threat of a new pandemic strain is constantly present. The identification of the physiological and molecular aspects related to influenza A can help developing therapeutic approaches to lower side effects associated with the disease caused by this virus. The RNA profile in human cells changes after exposure to influenza virus. Currently, scientists have been increasingly paying attention to study of microRNAs capable of regulating gene expression. Thus, microRNAs may play a critical role in a wide range of biological processes and have been previously shown to be important effectors in multilayered host-pathogen interplay. The study of the quantitative and qualitative miRNA composition is an important tool for diagnosing and treating various diseases at an early stage. The aim of this work is to analyze the microRNA profile for investigating an effect of influenza A (H1N1) virus on human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells. The microRNA fraction was isolated by using phenol-chloroform extraction and analyzed with high-throughput sequencing on the SOLiD 550xl wildfire platform using bioinformatic methods. The study examined 129 mature microRNAs from uninfected cells treated with <italic>Bacillus pumilus</italic> RNAse as well as cells infected with the influenza A (H1N1) virus. It was found that uninfected cells treated with RNase contained 2-fold more different microRNAs that can participate in suppressing carcinogenesis. The peak expression in influenza virus-infected cells is observed for miR-6884-5p. For cells treated with RNase, the peak expression is observed for miR-3923 that was higher by 400-fold than in cells infected with the influenza virus. We hypothesize that intact viruses or their intracellular components are able to alter cellular metabolism by skewing it to decreased resistance to carcinogenesis processes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирус гриппа способен вызывать острую респираторную инфекцию, которая ежегодно затрагивает от 5 до 20% человеческой популяции. Распространение эпидемии вируса гриппа происходит за короткое время из-за высокого уровня контагиозности. Помимо этого, ежегодная циркуляция вируса среди домашнего скота и водоплавающих птиц увеличивает риск зоонозной передачи новых штаммов в человеческую популяцию, у которой ранее не был сформирован иммунитет. Кроме того, в прошлом появилось несколько пандемических штаммов с высокой вирулентностью, и постоянно присутствует угроза возникновения нового пандемического штамма. Идентификация физиологических и молекулярных аспектов гриппа А может помочь в разработке терапевтических подходов для снижения побочных эффектов, связанных с заболеванием, вызванным этим вирусом. Профиль РНК в клетках человека изменяется после воздействия вируса гриппа. В настоящее время ученые все чаще уделяют внимание исследованию молекул микроРНК, которые способны регулировать экспрессию генов. Таким образом, микроРНК способны играть решающую роль в широком спектре биологических процессов, и ранее было показано, что они являются важными эффекторами в сложных сетях взаимодействия «хозяин–патоген». Изучение количественного и качественного состава микроРНК является важным инструментом для диагностики и лечения различных заболеваний на ранней стадии. Целью работы является анализ профиля микроРНК для изучения воздействия вируса гриппа А (H1N1) на эпителиальные клетки аденокарциномы легких человека. Фракция микроРНК была получена с помощью фенол-хлороформной экстракции и проанализирована с помощью высокопроизводительного секвенирования на платформе SOLiD 550xl wildfire и биоинформатических методов. В работе было исследовано 129 зрелых микроРНК из неинфицированных клеток, обработанных РНКазой <italic>Bacillus pumilus</italic> и клеток, инфицированных вирусом гриппа А (H1N1). Установлено, что в неинфицированных клетках, обработанных РНКазой, присутствует в 2 раза больше различных микроРНК, которые могут участвовать в подавлении канцерогенеза. Наибольшая экспрессия в клетках, инфицированных вирусом гриппа, наблюдается для miR-6884-5p. Для клеток, обработанных РНКазой, наибольшая экспрессия наблюдается для miR-3923, практически в 400 раз больше, чем в клетках, зараженных вирусом гриппа. Мы предполагаем, что интактные вирусы или их внутриклеточные компоненты способны изменять клеточный метаболизм в сторону снижения устойчивости к процессам канцерогенеза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>eukaryotic cells</kwd><kwd>influenza virus</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>клетки эукариот</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Субсидия</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The subsidy</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>0671-2020-0058</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Летова И.А., Мадумаров С.А., Сысоева М.А., Шах Махмуд Р.З. 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