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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14481</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ETP-14481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect the pre-exposure prophylactic of hydroxychloroquine on severe COVID-19 disease: a randomized controlled trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние доконтактной профилактики гидроксихлорохином на развитие тяжелого COVID-19: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valizadeh</surname><given-names>Mahnaz</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вализаде</surname><given-names>Махназ</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, кафедра внутренней медицины, медицинский факультет</p></bio><email>valizadehmahnaz@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarjoman</surname><given-names>Termeh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарджоман</surname><given-names>Терме</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, Центр исследований социальных детерминант здоровья</p></bio><email>termehtarjoman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Farhoudi</surname><given-names>Behnam</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фархуди</surname><given-names>Бехнам</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Department of Infection Disease, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры инфекционных заболеваний медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>b_farhoudi@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chouhdari</surname><given-names>Arezoo</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чоудари</surname><given-names>Арезу</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент, Центр исследований социальных детерминант здоровья</p></bio><email>chouhdariarezoo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mesgarian</surname><given-names>Masoumeh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Месгарян</surname><given-names>Масуме</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>m88mesgarian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>SeyedAlinaghi</surname><given-names>SeyedAhmad</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сейед Алинаги</surname><given-names>Сейед Ахмад</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, MPhil, PhD, Clinical Epidemiologist, Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр философии, кандидат наук, клинический эпидемиолог, доцент, зам. руководителя по исследовательской деятельности </p></bio><email>s.a.alinaghi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zangeneh</surname><given-names>Mehrangiz</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зангене</surname><given-names>Мехрангиз</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор кафедры инфекционных болезней медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>zangeneh4@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hanifezadeh</surname><given-names>Zahra</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханифезаде</surname><given-names>Захра</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor (Midwifery)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр акушерства</p></bio><email>Zahra.hanifeofficial@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adain Atashi</surname><given-names>Hesam</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адайн Аташи</surname><given-names>Хесам</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>Hero4p@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Massumi-Naini</surname><given-names>Hamidreza</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Массуми-Наини</surname><given-names>Хамидреза</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры внутренней медицины медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>massumi44@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abolghasemi</surname><given-names>Shahla</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аболгасеми</surname><given-names>Шахла</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры внутренней медицины медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>shahlamarmin@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dezfulinejad</surname><given-names>Manije</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дезфулинежад</surname><given-names>Мание</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней медицинского факультета</p></bio><email>dr.dezfuli2011@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Haghani</surname><given-names>Shima</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хагани</surname><given-names>Шима</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IR">Iran, Islamic Republic of</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Care Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>исследовательский центр сестринского дела и акушерства</p></bio><email>shima_haghani@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Больница Амир-аль-Моменин, Исламский университет Азад</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иранский исследовательский центр ВИЧ/СПИДа, Тегеранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследовательский центр сестринского дела и акушерства, Иранский университет медицинских наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1161</fpage><lpage>1168</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-06"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-06"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Valizadeh M., Tarjoman T., Farhoudi B., Chouhdari A., Mesgarian M., SeyedAlinaghi S., Zangeneh M., Hanifezadeh Z., Adain Atashi H., Massumi-Naini H., Abolghasemi S., Dezfulinejad M., Haghani S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Вализаде М., Тарджоман Т., Фархуди Б., Чоудари А., Месгарян М., Сейед Алинаги С., Зангене М., Ханифезаде З., Адайн Аташи Х., Массуми-Наини Х., Аболгасеми Ш., Дезфулинежад М., Хагани Ш.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Valizadeh M., Tarjoman T., Farhoudi B., Chouhdari A., Mesgarian M., SeyedAlinaghi S., Zangeneh M., Hanifezadeh Z., Adain Atashi H., Massumi-Naini H., Abolghasemi S., Dezfulinejad M., Haghani S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вализаде М., Тарджоман Т., Фархуди Б., Чоудари А., Месгарян М., Сейед Алинаги С., Зангене М., Ханифезаде З., Адайн Аташи Х., Массуми-Наини Х., Аболгасеми Ш., Дезфулинежад М., Хагани Ш.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/14481">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/14481</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> <italic>In vitro</italic> studies have shown some effects for Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite effective vaccination program, relatively large proportion of population remains unvaccinated. So, there still remains a need for other prophylactic measures. The present study aims to evaluate whether HCQ can prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes among health-care workers.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> In this randomized, double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial 334 healthcare workers aged 18–65 years old were included of whom 278 individuals completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the HCQ group (800 mg at day one, followed by 400 mg weekly for the next 7 weeks); or the placebo group. Participants were followed three weeks after the last dose of drug or placebo (10 weeks from the first dose of drug or placebo). The primary outcome was hospitalization or death from COVID-19. Results. Of 148 people who received HCQ, none were hospitalized or died from COIVD-19, while of 130 people who received the placebo, 2 (1.5%) were hospitalized for COIVD-19 (p-value: 0.26). And, 22 (14.9%) people in the HCQ group and 15 (11.6%) people in the placebo group contracted COVID-19 (p-value: 0.99). Adverse reactions were reported by 5 (3.4%) of participants in the HCQ group and 5 (3.9%) of participants in the placebo group (p-value: 0.99).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> We found that HCQ has no significant prevention effect on the incidence of mild COVID-19. However, the low rate of hospitalization (the primary outcome) in this trial like most of the other clinical trials with HCQ would have required increasing the sample size considerably to be able to comment on the effectiveness of HCQ in prevention of severe forms including death rate. This justifies systematic reviews to include similar studies to further investigate the issue.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>История вопроса</bold>. Исследования<italic> in vitro</italic> показали ряд эффектов гидроксихлорохина (HCQ) против вируса SARS-CoV-2. Несмотря на эффективную программу вакцинации, относительно большая часть населения остается непривитой. Таким образом, по-прежнему сохраняется необходимость в других профилактических мерах. Настоящее исследование нацелено на оценку возможности HCQ предотвратить тяжелые последствия COVID-19 среди медицинских работников.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В настоящее рандомизированное двойное слепое плацебо-контролируемое клиническое исследование были включены 334 медицинских работника в возрасте от 18 до 65 лет, из которых 278 человек завершили исследование. Участники были случайным образом распределены в группу HCQ (800 мг в первый день, затем 400 мг еженедельно в течение следующих 7 недель) или группу плацебо. Эффективность мероприятий оценивали через 3 недели после приема последней дозы препарата или плацебо (через 10 недель после первой дозы препарата или плацебо). Основная конечная точка эффективности была представлена как уровень госпитализации или смерти пациента от COVID-19. <bold>Результаты.</bold> Из 148 человек, получавших HCQ, ни один не был госпитализирован и не умер от COVID-19, тогда как из 130 человек, получавших плацебо, 2 (1,5%) были госпитализированы c COVID-19 (p = 0,26). При этом 22 (14,9%) человека в группе HCQ и 15 (11,6%) человек в группе плацебо заразились COVID-19 (p = 0,99). О побочных реакциях сообщили 5 (3,4%) участников группы HCQ и 5 (3,9%) участников группы плацебо (p = 0,99).</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Показано, что HCQ не оказывает существенного профилактического эффекта на заболеваемость легкой формой COVID-19. Однако низкий уровень госпитализации (основной результат) в этом исследовании, как и в большинстве других клинических исследований с HCQ, потребовал бы значительного увеличения размера выборки, чтобы иметь возможность оценить эффективность HCQ в предотвращении тяжелых форм, в том числе заканчивающихся летально. Это обосновывает необходимость проведения систематических обзоров с включением аналогичных исследований для дальнейшего изучения проблемы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Severe COVID-19</kwd><kwd>Hydroxychloroquine</kwd><kwd>pre-exposure prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>adverse reactions</kwd><kwd>outcome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>тяжелая форма COVID-19</kwd><kwd>гидроксихлорохин</kwd><kwd>доконтактная профилактика</kwd><kwd>побочные реакции</kwd><kwd>результат</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исламский университет Азад</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Islamic Azad University</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>IR.IAU.PS.REC.1399.001</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abella B.S., Jolkovsky E.L., Biney B.T., Uspal J.E., Hyman M.C., Frank I., Hensley S.E., Gill S., Vogl D.T., Maillard I., Babushok D.V., Huang A.C., Nasta S.D., Walsh J.C., Wiletyo E.P., Gimotty P.A., Milone M.C., Amaravadi R.K.; Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 With Hydroxychloroquine (PATCH) Investigators. 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