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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1399</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-MDO-1399</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular diagnostics for verification of pleural tuberculosis in Morocco</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная диагностика в верификации туберкулезного плеврита в Марокко</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-1461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaoui</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шауи</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MA">Morocco</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Imane Chaoui - PhD, Researcher, Biology and Medical Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques,.</p><p>1382 R.P. 10001, Rabat.</p><p>Phone: +212 537 713 205; Fax: +212 537 711 846</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шауи Имане - кандидат наук, научный сотрудник отдела медикобиологических исследований департамента наук о жизни Национального центра энергетики, ядерных наук и технологий.</p><p>10001, Рабат, п.я. 1382.</p><p>Тел.: +212 537 713 205; Факс: +212 537 711 846</p></bio><email>im_chaoui@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Taoudi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тауди</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MA">Morocco</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher, Department of Pneumo-Phtisiology, Moulay Youssef Hospital.</p><p>Rabat.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат наук, научный сотрудник отделения фтизиопульмонологии больницы им. Мулая Юссефа.</p><p>Рабат.</p></bio><email>im_chaoui@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oudghiri</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удгири</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MA">Morocco</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Researcher, Biology and Medical Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques.</p><p>Rabat.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат наук, научный сотрудник отдела медикобиологических исследований департамента наук о жизни Национального центра энергетики, ядерных наук и технологий.</p><p>Рабат.</p></bio><email>im_chaoui@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Benamor</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бенамор</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MA">Morocco</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Pneumo-Phytisiologist, Department of Pneumo-Phtisiology, Moulay Youssef Hospital.</p><p>Rabat.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор, врач-фтизиопульмонолог отделения фтизиопульмонологии Больницы им. Мулая Юссефа.</p><p>Рабат.</p></bio><email>im_chaoui@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bourkadi</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буркади</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MA">Morocco</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, Pneumo-Phytisiologist, Department of Pneumo-Phtisiology, Moulay Youssef Hospital.</p><p>Rabat.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Профессор, врач-фтизиопульмонолог отделения фтизиопульмонологии Больницы им. Мулая Юссефа.</p><p>Рабат.</p></bio><email>im_chaoui@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>El Mzibri</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эль Мзибри</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="MA">Morocco</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Research Director, Head of the Life Sciences Department, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques.</p><p>Rabat.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат наук, руководитель Департамента наук о жизни Национального центра энергетики, ядерных наук и технологий.</p><p>Рабат.</p></bio><email>im_chaoui@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Center for Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр энергетики, ядерных наук и технологий</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moulay Youssef Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Больница им. Мулая Юссефа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>491</fpage><lpage>496</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Chaoui I., Taoudi S., Oudghiri A., Benamor J., Bourkadi J., El Mzibri M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Шауи И., Тауди С., Удгири А., Бенамор Д., Буркади Д., Эль Мзибри М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chaoui I., Taoudi S., Oudghiri A., Benamor J., Bourkadi J., El Mzibri M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шауи И., Тауди С., Удгири А., Бенамор Д., Буркади Д., Эль Мзибри М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1399">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1399</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pleural tuberculosis (pTB) is a very common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). pTB diagnostics represents a major burning challenge worldwide due to the limitations of available conventional diagnostic tools. These latter include microscopic examination of the pleural fluid for acid-fast bacilli, mycobacterial culture of pleural fluid in solid or liquid media, sputum or pleural tissue, and histopathological examination of pleural tissue; these tests have recognized limitations for clinical use. Hence, to overcome these limitations, attention has been devoted to new nucleic acid amplification (NAA) diagnostic tests such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR), owing to their accuracy, rapidity, high sensitivity and specificity. Within this context, this prospective study was conducted to evaluate the performance of molecular diagnosis methods for differentiation between tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis pleural effusions. Fifty patients with pleural effusion were enrolled in this prospective study in Rabat, Morocco. The efficacy of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnostics of tuberculous pleurisy by targeting IS<italic>6110 </italic>and mycobacterial internal transcribed spacer (MYITS) was evaluated compared to histopathologic examination and culture data. Our results showed that IS<italic>6110</italic> PCR could “rule in” pTB, the sensitivity and specificity being 41.6% and 85.7%, respectively. Therefore, the findings confirmed that molecular tests exert a relatively high specificity in EPTB but lower sensitivity, thus a positive test is considered as a pTB case whereas negative one cannot exclude the disease. Although the study was limited by a small sample size, it adds to the body of evidence of usefulness of molecular testing as adjuncts to histopathologic examination for accurate diagnosis of pTB, to treat timely and to avoid the emergence and spread of drug resistant pTB. However, further efforts should be made to increase the sensitivity of NAA methods and to identify the best molecular targets to be useful in clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Туберкулезный плеврит (pleural tuberculosis — pTB) является очень распространенной формой внелегочного туберкулеза (ТБ). Его диагностика представляет собой серьезную проблему во всем мире из-за недостатков традиционных диагностических методов. К последним относятся микроскопическое исследование плевральной жидкости на наличие кислотоустойчивых микроорганизмов, культивирование микобактерий из плеврального экссудата на твердых или жидких средах и гистологическое исследование биопсии плевры.</p><p>В связи с этим наше внимание было направлено на разработку новых диагностических тестов, основанных на амплификации нуклеиновых кислот (ПЦР и РТ-ПЦР), как наиболее точных, быстрых, высокочувствительных и специфичных. В этом контексте данное исследование было проведено для оценки эффективности методов молекулярной диагностики при дифференциации микобактерий туберкулеза и нетуберкулезных микобактерий в плевральном экссудате. Пятьдесят пациентов с плевритом были включены в проспективное исследование в г. Рабат, Марокко. Эффективность ПЦР двух ДНК-мишеней — IS<italic>6110</italic> и микобактериального внутреннего транскрибируемого спейсера (MYITS) — для диагностики туберкулезного плеврита оценивали на основании сравнения с результатами гистологического исследования и культивирования. Наши результаты показали, что IS<italic>6110</italic>-ПЦР может выявить pTB с чувствительностью и специфичностью 41,6 и 85,7% соответственно. Таким образом, полученные результаты подтверждают, что молекулярные тесты имеют относительно высокую специфичность для диагностики внелегочного туберкулеза, но более низкую чувствительность, поэтому положительный результат рассматривается как подтверждение pTB, тогда как отрицательный тест не может исключать заболевание. Хотя исследование было ограничено небольшим размером выборки, оно добавляет к совокупности доказательств полезности молекулярного тестирования в качестве дополнения к гистологическому исследованию для точной диагностики pTB, своевременного лечения и предотвращения появления и распространения лекарственно-устойчивого pTB. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для повышения чувствительности молекулярных методов и определения оптимальных молекулярных мишеней, которые могут быть полезны в клинической практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулезный плеврит</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>IS6110</kwd><kwd>внутренний транскрибируемый спейсер микобактерий (MYITS)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">We would like to thank all patients for their participation. We are sincerely grateful to the clinicians and nurses of the Moulay Youssef University Hospital for their fruitful collaboration in this study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Aggarwal A.N., Gupta D., Jindal S.K. Diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion. Indian. J. 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