<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1395</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-FOT-1395</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in HIV-infected patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности течения геморрагической лихорадки с почечным синдромом у ВИЧ-инфицированных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Manakhov</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манахов</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Konstantin M. Manakhov, </bold> PhD Student, Department of Outpatient Therapy with Courses of Clinical Pharmacology and Preventive Medicine </p><p>426067, Izhevsk, Truda str., 1</p><p>Phone: +7 912 013-85-19 (mobile) </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Манахов Константин Михайлович, </bold> аспирант кафедры поликлинической терапии с курсами клинической фармакологии и профилактической медицины </p><p>426067, г. Ижевск, ул. Труда, 1</p><p>Тел.: 8 912 013-85-19 (моб.)</p></bio><email>kmanakhov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Povysheva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Повышева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Medical Faculty </p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка лечебного факультета </p><p>г. Ижевск</p></bio><email>kartina11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Medical Faculty </p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка лечебного факультета </p><p>г. Ижевск</p></bio><email>malutka-all@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarksyan</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарксян</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology </p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент кафедры инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии  </p><p>г. Ижевск</p></bio><email>bizi1973@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская государственная медицинская академия Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>951</fpage><lpage>957</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-09-14"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Manakhov K.M., Povysheva E.V., Gilyazova A.R., Sarksyan D.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Манахов К.М., Повышева Е.В., Гилязова А.Р., Сарксян Д.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Manakhov K.M., Povysheva E.V., Gilyazova A.R., Sarksyan D.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Манахов К.М., Повышева Е.В., Гилязова А.Р., Сарксян Д.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1395">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1395</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant medical and social problem for many developed countries. HIV infection is featured with developing chronic kidney pathology as well as acute renal damage. In some regions, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) can contribute somehow to developing renal pathology in HIVinfected subjects. The aim of the study was to identify clinical and laboratory features of HFRS course during HIV infection. A retrospective study was conducted by forming two groups: group 1 consisted of 9 patients suffered from HFRS together with verified HIV infection, group 2 — 53 patients with HFRS but lacking any clinical and epidemiological indications supporting HIV infection. Subjects in both groups were age- and sex-matched. The average age of the patients in group 1 and group 2 was 34 and 31 years, respectively. For statistical analysis, the licensed SPSS 22.0 software was used. A significance level p for statistical criteria was set equal to 0.05. In general, HFRS course in all patients was accompanied by characteristic signs: intoxication syndrome, impaired vision, hemorrhagic rash, pain in the lumbar region, decreased diuresis, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, polymorphic urinary syndrome and azotemia. HFRS patients with concomitant HIV infection often complain of dry mouth, bloating, visible shortness of breath. Laboratory changes describe more severe kidney damage. A direct strong correlation was shown between leukocyte count and level of blood urea in patients with concomitant HIV infection (r = 0.798; p = 0.01). The combination of HFRS and HIV was accompanied by a milder HFRS course — rate of mild disease was almost 6-fold higher among patients of this group. In this case, no cases of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome combined with HIV were noted. Our study allowed to obtain unambiguous data. Predisposition of HIV-infected patients to renal pathology may be a determining factor in kidney damage upon emerging HFRS: more prominent rise in creatinine and urea level. Moreover, according to rating scale for assessing HFRS severity, it formally turned out that during concomitant HIV infection patients more often fit to a mild disease severity, even in the presence of more pronounced renal manifestations. The occurrence of acute renal pathology in HIV-infected patients is a life-threatening condition, a factor of deterioration of chronic renal pathology and a predictor of death. Consequently, this patient population requires thorough monitoring both at inpatient and outpatient stages.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) является серьезной медико-социальной проблемой для многих развитых стран. При ВИЧ-ифекции характерно развитие хронической патологии почек, а также острого почечного повреждения. В ряде регионов определенный вклад в развитие почечной патологии у ВИЧ-инфицированных может вносить геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом (ГЛПС). Цель исследования — выявление клинико-лабораторных особенностей течения ГЛПС на фоне ВИЧ-инфекции. Проведено ретроспективное исследование. Сформированы две группы: первая — 9 больных, перенесших ГЛПС на фоне имеющейся ВИЧ-инфекции, вторая — 53 больных, перенесших ГЛПС и не имевших клинико-эпидемиологических указаний на ВИЧ-инфекцию. Сравниваемые группы сопоставимы по полу и возрасту. Средний возраст пациентов первой группы составил 34 года, второй — 31. Для статистического анализа использовали лицензированную программу SPSS 22.0. Критический уровень значимости p для статистических критериев принимали равным 0,05. В целом у всех больных течение ГЛПС сопровождалось характерными проявлениями: интоксикационным синдромом, нарушением зрения, геморрагической сыпью, болью в поясничной области, снижением диуреза, тромбоцитопенией, протеинурией, полиморфным мочевым синдромом и азотемией. Больных ГЛПС на фоне сопутствующей ВИЧ-инфекции чаще беспокоят сухость во рту, вздутие живота, видимая одышка. Лабораторные данные указывают на более тяжелое повреждение почек. Показана прямая сильная корреляция между количеством лейкоцитов и уровнем мочевины в крови у больных с сопутствую щей ВИЧ-инфекцией (r = 0,798; p = 0,01). Сочетание ГЛПС и ВИЧ сопровождалось более легким течением ГЛПС — частота легкого течения заболевания почти в 6 раз выше у больных ВИЧ. Случаев тяжелого течения ГЛПС при ее сочетании с ВИЧ не отмечено. В ходе данного исследования получены неоднозначные результаты. Предрасположенность ВИЧ-инфицированных к почечной патологии может стать определяющим фактором в поражении почек при возникновении ГЛПС: более выраженный подъем показателей креатинина, мочевины. При этом в соответствии с балльной шкалой оценки тяжести ГЛПС получилось, что больные с сопутствующей ВИЧ-инфекцией формально имеют легкую степень тяжести заболевания даже при наличии более выраженных почечных проявлений. Возникновение острой почечной патологии у ВИЧ-инфицированных является жизнеугрожающим состоянием, фактором прогрессирования хронической почечной патологии и предиктором смерти. Следовательно, данный контингент пациентов нуждается в пристальном наблюдении как на стационарном, так и на амбулаторном этапе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome</kwd><kwd>HIV infection</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>immune-mediated damage</kwd><kwd>natural focal infections</kwd><kwd>chronic renal pathology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморрагическая лихорадка с почечным синдромом</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>острое повреждение почек</kwd><kwd>иммуноопосредованное повреждение</kwd><kwd>природно-очаговые инфекции</kwd><kwd>хроническая почечная патология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. Анализ работы инфекционной службы Удмуртской Республики за 2018 год. Информационный бюллетень. Ижевск: БУЗ УР РКИБ МЗ УР, 2019. 67 с. [Analysis of the work of the infectious diseases service of the Udmurt Republic for 2018. Newsletter. Izhevsk: Budget Healthcare Institution of the Udmurt Republic “Republic Clinical Infectious Hospital of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Udmurt Republic”, 2019. 67 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2. Покровский В.В., Ладная Н.Н., Соколова Е.В., Буравцова Е.В. ВИЧ-инфекция: информационный бюллетень № 43. М.: Роспотребнадзор, ФБУН ЦНИИЭ, ФНМ ЦПБ СПИД, 2018. 56 с. [Pokrovskiy V.V., Ladnaya N.N., Sokolova E.V., Buravtsova E.V. Examining HIV infection: newsletter No. 43. Мoscow: Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Federal Science Methodological HIV Prevention Centre, 2018. 56 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>3. Рассохин В.В., Бобровицкая Т.М. Поражения почек при ВИЧ-инфекции. Эпидемиология, подходы к классификации, основные клинические формы проявления. Часть 1 // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2018. Т. 10, № 1. С. 25–36. [Rassokhin V.V., Bobrovitskaya T.M. Kidney lesions in HIV patients. Epidemiology, approaches to classification, and principal clinical manifestations. Part 1. VIČ-infekciâ i immunosupressii = HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders, 2018, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 25–36. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2018-10-1-25-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>4. Рассохин В.В., Бобровицкая Т.М., Беляков Н.А. Поражения почек при ВИЧ-инфекции. Лекарственные повреждения. Вопросы диагностики и лечения. Часть 2 // ВИЧ-инфекция и иммуносупрессии. 2018. Т. 10, № 2. С. 28–42. [Rassokhin V.V., Bobrovitskaya T.M. Kidney lesions in HIV patients. Iatrogenic lesions and their diagnostics and treatment. Part</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>2. VIČ-infekciâ i immunosupressii = HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders, 2018, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 28–42. (In Russ.)] doi: 10.22328/2077-9828-2018-10-2-28-42</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>5. Alfano G., Cappeli G., Fontana F., Lullo L.D., Iorio B.D., Bellasi A., Guaraldi G. Kidney disease in HIV infection. JCM, 2019, vol. 8, no. 8: 1254. doi: 10.3390/jcm8081254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>6. Bouatou Y., Gayet Ageron A., Bernasconi E., Battegay M., Hoffmann M., Staehelin C., Merz L., Kovari H., Fux C., de Seigneux S., Calmy A.; Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lipodystrophy increases the risk of CKD development in HIV-positive patients in Switzerland: The LIPOKID Study. Kidney Int. Rep., 2018, vol. 3, pp. 1089–1099. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.04.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>7. Choi A.I., Li Y., Parikh C., Volberding P.A., Shlipak M.G. Long-term clinical consequences of acute kidney injury in the HIVinfected. Kidney Int., 2010, vol. 78, pp. 478–485. doi: 10.1159/000337151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>8. Ekrikpo U.E., Kengne A.P., Bello A.K., Effa E.E., Noubiap J.J., Salako B.L., Rayner B.L., Remuzzi G., Okpechi I.G. Chronic kidney disease in the global adult HIV-infected population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2018, vol. 13, no. 4: e0195443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195443</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>9. Goeijenbier M., Nur E., Goris M., Wagenaar J.F., Grünberg K., Nurmohamed S.A., Martina B.E., Osterhaus A.D., van Gorp E.C. An unusual cause of a usual presentation. Hantavirus infection. Neth. J. Med., 2011, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 285–289. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myw069</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>10. Ibrahim F., Naftalin C., Cheserem E., Roe J., Campbell L.J., Bansi L., Hendry B.M., Sabin C., Post F.A. Immunodeficiency and renal impairment are risk factors for HIV-associated acute renal failure. AIDS, 2010, vol. 24, no. 14, pp. 2239–2244. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833c85d6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>11. Larbig R., Lehman C., Rottländer D., Reda S., Michels G., Hoppe U.C., Kochanek M. Systemic hantavirus-infection in a comatose HIV patient. Wien. Med. Wochenschr., 2013, vol. 163, no. 1–2, pp. 32–36. doi: 10.1007/s10354-012-0143-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>12. Li Y., Shlipak M.G., Grunfeld C., Choi A.I. Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in HIV infection. Am. J. Nephrol., 2012, vol. 35, pp. 327–334. doi: 10.1159/000337151</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>13. Lopes J.A., Fernandes J., Jorge S., Neves J., Antunes F., Prata M.M. Acute renal failure in critically ill HIV-infected patients. Crit. Care, 2007, vol. 11: 404. doi: 10.1186/cc5141</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>14. Lopes J.A., Melo M.J., Viegas A., Raimundo M., Câmara I., Antunes F., Gomes da Costa A. Acute kidney injury in hospitalized HIV-infected patients: a cohort analysis. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2011, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 3888–3894. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr192</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>15. Mallipattu S.K., Wyatt C.M., He J.C. The new epidemiology of HIV-related kidney disease. J. AIDS Clin Res., 2012, no. 4: 001. doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.S4-001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>16. Mocroft A., Lundgren J.D., Ross M., Law M., Reiss P., Kirk O., Smith C., Wentworth D., Neuhaus J., Fux C.A., Moranne O., Morlat P., Johnson M.A., Ryom L.; D:A:D Study Group; Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort; INSIGHT Study Group; SMART Study Group; ESPRIT Study Group. Development and validation of a risk score for chronic kidney disease in HIV infection using prospective cohort data from the D:A:D study. PLoS Med., 2015, vol. 12: e1001809. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001809</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>17. Nadkarni G.N., Patel A.A., Yacoub R., Benjo A.M., Konstantinidis I., Annapureddy N., Agarwal S.K., Simoes P.K., Kamat S., Menon M.C., Wyatt C.M. The burden of dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury among hospitalized adults with HIV infection: a nationwide inpatient sample analysis. AIDS, 2015, vol. 29, no. 9: 1061–1066. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000653</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>18. Pillay S., Aldous C., Mahomed F. A deadly combination — HIV and diabetes mellitus: Where are we now? S. Afr. Med. J., 2016, vol. 106: 54. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2016.v106i4.9950</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>19. Pu L., Liu J., Luo Y., Zeng H., Guo H., Hao J., Yin N., Liu Y., Xiong H., Xiong J., Li A. Acute kidney injury in chinese HIVinfected patients: a retrospective analysis from the intensive care unit. AIDS Patient Care STDS, 2018, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 381–389. doi: 10.1089/apc.2018.0040</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>20. Randall D.W., Brima N., Walker D., Connolly J., Laing C., Copas A.J., Edwards S.G., Batson S., Miller R.F. Acute kidney injury among HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Int. J. STD AIDS, 2015, vol. 26, pp. 915–921. doi: 10.1177/0956462414561034</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>21. Silva Júnior G.B., Libório A.B., Mota R.M., Abreu K.L., Silva A.E., Araújo S.M., Daher E.F. Acute kidney injury in AIDS: frequency, RIFLE classification and outcome. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 2010, vol. 43, pp. 1102–1108. doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2010007500100</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>22. Tuttle K.R., Alicic R.Z., Duru O.K., Jones C.R., Daratha K.B., Nicholas S.B., McPherson S.M., Neumiller J.J., Bell D.S., Mangione C.M., Norris K.C. Clinical characteristics of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease among adults and children: an analysis of the CURE-CKD registry. JAMA Netw. Open, 2019, vol. 12: e1918169. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.18169</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>23. Yao K.H., Tanon A.K., Lagou A.D., Konan S.D., Diopoh S.P., Meite F. Comparative study of community acute kidney injury in HIV infected versus non-infected persons: experience of an internal medicine department in Abidjan. Nephrolo. Ther., 2017, vol. 13, pp. 168–175. doi: 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.10.003</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
