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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">13305</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-AFA-13305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Allergic fungal airway diseases: analysis of data in asthma patient register</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аллергические грибковые заболевания дыхательных путей: анализ данных регистра пациентов с бронхиальной астмой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-2438</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5842-6039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>Yana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Яна Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>kozlova510@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-2831</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2150-3380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>Nikolay Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Николай Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>wwjd2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7696-2236</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9904-8776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Head of the Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина </p></bio><email>ekaterina.frolova@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-7781</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3001-4022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Uchevatkina</surname><given-names>Alexandra E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Учеваткина</surname><given-names>Александра Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина </p></bio><email>a.uchevatkina@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-7440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6810-0871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippova</surname><given-names>Larisa V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппова</surname><given-names>Лариса Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>larisa.filippova@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aak</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аак</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Chemistry), Leading Researcher, Research Laboratory of Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.х.н., ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ иммунологии и аллергологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>kozlova510@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5448-4106</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolev</surname><given-names>Alexei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболев</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology and Immunology, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина</p></bio><email>sobolev757@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-5468</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3829-4370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>Natalia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Наталья Всеволодовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc (Biology), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Director, P.N. Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, директор НИИ медицинской микологии им. П.Н. Кашкина </p></bio><email>mycobiota@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-09-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>947</fpage><lpage>956</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-14"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kozlova Y., Vasiliev N., Uchevatkina A., Filippova L.V., Aak O.V., Sobolev A.V., Vasilyeva N.V., Frolova E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Козлова Я.И., Васильев Н.Ю., Учеваткина А.Е., Филиппова Л.В. ,Аак О.В. , Соболев А.В., Васильева Н.В., Фролова Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kozlova Y., Vasiliev N., Uchevatkina A., Filippova L.V., Aak O.V., Sobolev A.V., Vasilyeva N.V., Frolova E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Козлова Я.И., Васильев Н.Ю., Учеваткина А.Е., Филиппова Л.В. ,Аак О.В. , Соболев А.В., Васильева Н.В., Фролова Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/13305">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/13305</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Allergy to microscopic fungi (micromycetes), which can colonize the respiratory tract, is associated with an eosinophilic endotype of inflammation and severe disease course. Among the hallmarks of fungal allergy, experts identify fixed airways obstruction, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis. Currently, there has been proposed the term “allergic fungal airways disease” (AFAD), which combines various clinical phenotypes, which pathogenesis is based on IgE-mediated allergic reaction against fungal spores colonizing the respiratory tract. According to this approach, the AFAD group includes severe asthma with fungal sensitization and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). A promising direction in AFAD treatment implies the use of genetically engineered biological drugs against T-2 inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. sensitization and allergic bronchopulmonary <italic>Aspergill</italic>osis in patients with asthma. </p> <p><italic>Materials and methods</italic>. A retrospective single-center registry study was conducted in the I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. The study included 523 patients with asthma of varying severity. The level of total and specific blood serum IgE against aeroallergens, including <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp., was analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. The diagnosis of asthma was established in accordance with the recommendations of the GINA working group and the Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, fungal sensitization and ABPA — in accordance with the recommendations of the ISHAM working group. <italic>Results</italic>. During the examination of patients with asthma, sensitization to <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. recorded in 16.6% cases, severe asthma with sensitization to <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. — in 7.4%, ABPA — in 6.1%. In patients with allergic asthma, the prevalence of sensitization to <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. was 22%, severe asthma with sensitization to <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. — 10.1%, ABLA — 8.1%. Among patients with ABPA, females (64%) aged 40 years and older prevailed. The major clinical manifestations of ABPA were presented as cough (96%) and shortness of breath (76%), CT scan radiological changes were in a form of bronchiectasis (72%). </p> <p><italic>Conclusion</italic>. A high prevalence of sensitization to <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. in patients with asthma was found. It is necessary to include <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. into the list of tested allergens while examining patients with chronic lung diseases for timely detection of AFAD and prescription of proper anti-inflammatory or antimycotic therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Введение</italic>. Аллергия на микроскопические грибы (микромицеты), которые способны колонизировать дыхательные пути, ассоциирована с эозинофильным эндотипом воспаления и тяжелым течением заболевания. Среди отличительных признаков микогенной аллергии эксперты выделяют фиксированную обструкцию дыхательных путей, бронхоэктазы и фиброз. В настоящее время предложен термин «аллергическое грибковое заболевание дыхательных путей» (АГЗДП), объединяющий различные клинические фенотипы, в основе патогенеза которых лежит IgE-опосредованная аллергическая реакция на колонизирующие дыхательные пути грибковые споры. Согласно данному подходу в группу АГЗДП входят тяжелая бронхиальная астма (БА) с микогенной сенсибилизацией и аллергический бронхолегочный аспергиллез (АБЛА). Перспективным направлением в лечении АГЗДП является применение генно-инженерных биологических препаратов, направленных против Т-2 воспаления. Целью данного исследования была оценка распространенности сенсибилизации к <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. и АБЛА у пациентов с БА. </p> <p><italic>Материалы и методы</italic>. Ретроспективное одноцентровое регистровое исследование проводилось на базе ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России. В исследование включили 523 пациента с БА различной степени тяжести. Методом иммуноферментного анализа в сыворотке крови определяли уровни общего и специфических IgE к аэроаллергенам, включая <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. Диагноз бронхиальной астмы устанавливали в соответствии с рекомендациями рабочей группы GINA и Клиническими рекомендациями Минздрава РФ, микогенную сенсибилизацию и АБЛА — в соответствии с рекомендациями рабочей группы ISHAM. <italic>Результаты</italic>. В ходе обследования пациентов с БА сенсибилизацию к <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. зарегистрировали у 16,6%, тяжелую БА с сенсибилизацией к <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. — у 7,4%, АБЛА — у 6,1%. У пациентов с аллергической БА распространенность сенсибилизации к <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. составила 22%, тяжелой БА с сенсибилизацией к <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. — 10,1%, АБЛА — 8,1%. Среди больных АБЛА преобладали женщины (64%) от 40 лет и старше. Основными клиническими проявлениями АБЛА были кашель (96%) и одышка (76%), рентгенологическими изменениями на КТ — бронхоэктазы (72%). </p> <p><italic>Заключение</italic>. Выявлена высокая распространенность сенсибилизации к <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. у пациентов с БА. Необходимо включение <italic>Aspergillus</italic> spp. в список тестируемых аллергенов при обследовании пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями легких для своевременного выявления АГЗДП и назначения адекватной противовоспалительной или антимикотической терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic fungal airways disease</kwd><kwd>allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis</kwd><kwd>asthma</kwd><kwd>fungal sensitization</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus spp.</kwd><kwd>Alternaria spp</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергическое грибковое заболевание дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>аллергический бронхолегочный аспергиллез</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>микогенная сенсибилизация</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus spp.</kwd><kwd>Alternaria spp</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Климко Н.Н. Микозы: диагностика и лечение. Руководство для врачей. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. 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