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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1289</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-ESO-1289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expression studies of tuberculosis susceptibility genes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессионные исследования генов предрасположенности к туберкулезу</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6133-8986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babushkina</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабушкина</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda P. Babushkina - PhD (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>634050, Tomsk, Ushaika emb., 10.</p><p>Phone: +7 (3822) 51-29-02; Fax: +7 (3822) 51-37-44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бабушкина Надежда Петровна - кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории популяционной генетики НИИ медицинской генетики.</p><p>634050, Томск, наб. р. Ушайки, 10.</p><p>Тел.: 8 (3822) 51-29-02; факс: 8 (3822) 51-37-44</p></bio><email>nad.babushkina@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-3073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragina</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагина</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Population Genetics, Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>634050, Tomsk, Ushaika emb., 10.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории популяционной генетики НИИ медицинской генетики.</p><p>634050, Томск, наб. р. Ушайки, 10.</p></bio><email>elena.bragina@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ медицинской генетики Томского НИМЦ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>209</fpage><lpage>222</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Babushkina N.P., Bragina E.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Бабушкина Н.П., Брагина Е.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babushkina N.P., Bragina E.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабушкина Н.П., Брагина Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1289">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1289</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The activating research interest in the problem of tuberculosis development is due to the increase in cases of drug resistance, coinfection with HIV and hepatitis, and the lack of an effective vaccine. However, the pathogenesis of tuberculosis remains insufficiently studied at present. A significant role is assigned to hereditary factors, as the majority of those infected with <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> remain resistant to tuberculosis, and only in 5—15% of cases does infection lead to the development of the disease. Despite a long history of research of genetic factors of susceptibility to tuberculosis infection — from the search for monogenic forms of immune dysfunction, associations of individual tuberculosis susceptibility genes, to the analysis of genome-wide associative studies and the assessment of the characteristics of the transcriptional profiles of patients, — the problem of obtaining clinically significant results for the identification and monitoring of risk groups remains particularly acute. The search of differentially expressed genes in groups with different status of the disease (non-infected, latent tuberculosis infection, presymptomatic state, active tuberculosis, recovery from tuberculosis, non-tuberculosis infection) led to identification of a large number of data which is not overlapped in different compared groups, different ethnic groups, in the studies of the whole blood and cellular models. Merging this wealth of data followed by its reanalysis helps to verify and update results. However, there still is a large number of questions concerning our understanding of the functioning of the human organism under the influence of <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>. In recent years, new approaches have been used to develop test systems for the diagnosis of various forms of the disease. The review considers up to date results of expression studies of susceptibility to tuberculosis, namely, objects and approaches of research changing over time, forms of the host response to the mycobacteria infection studied, the influence of different factors on the results.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Повышенный исследовательский интерес к проблеме развития туберкулеза обусловлен ростом случаев лекарственной устойчивости его возбудителя, коинфекции с ВИЧ и гепатитами, отсутствием эффективной вакцины. Однако в настоящее время патогенез туберкулеза по прежнему остается недостаточно изученным. Существенная роль отводится наследственным факторам, так как большинство инфицированных <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> остается устойчивым к туберкулезу, и только в 5—15% случаев инфицирование приводит к развитию заболевания. Несмотря на длительную историю изучения генетических факторов подверженности туберкулезной инфекции — от поиска моногенных форм нарушения иммунитета, ассоциаций отдельных генов подверженности туберкулезу, до анализа полногеномных ассоциативных исследований и оценки особенностей транксрипционных профилей больных индивидов — особенно острой остается проблема получения клинически значимых результатов для выявления и мониторинга групп риска. Поиск дифференциально экспрессирующихся генов в группах, различающихся по статусу заболевания (неинфицированные, латентная туберкулезная инфекция, начальная досимптоматическая стадия, активный туберкулез, выздоровевшие после туберкулеза, нетуберкулезная инфекция), привел к получению большого количества данных, не перекрывающихся при изучении разных групп сравнения, в различных этнических группах, при изучении цельной крови и клеточных моделей. Объединение массивов данных и последующий их реанализ помогают верифицировать и дополнять результаты, однако остается большое количество вопросов, касающихся понимания функционирования организма человека в условиях воздействия <italic>M. tuberculosis</italic>. В последние годы применяются новые подходы в разработке тест-систем для диагностики различных форм заболевания. В обзоре рассматриваются накопленные к настоящему времени результаты экспрессионных исследований, направленных на изучение подверженности туберкулезу, а именно меняющиеся с течением времени объекты и подходы исследований, изучаемые формы ответа организма на инфицирование микобактерией, влияние различных факторов на получаемые результаты.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>genetic susceptibility</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>prognostic significance</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулез</kwd><kwd>генетическая подверженность</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>прогностическая значимость</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Рудко А.А., Брагина Е.Ю., Бабушкина Н.П., Гараева А.Ф., Фрейдин М.Б. Генетические факторы подверженности туберкулезу. 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