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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1273</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-DOA-1273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Development of antiviral therapeutics combating coxsackievirus type B3 infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка противовирусных препаратов для терапии инфекции коксакивируса В3</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volobueva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волобуева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>Aleksandrina S. Volobueva - Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Virology.</p>197101, St. Petersburg, Mira str., 14, Phone: +7 (921) 365-05-48</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волобуева Александрина Сергеевна - научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной вирусологии.</p><p>197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14, Тел.: 8 (921) 365-05-48</p></bio><email>sasha-khrupina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zarubaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарубаев</surname><given-names>В В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD MD (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Virology.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории экспериментальной вирусологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>zarubaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lantseva</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланцева</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>kashitsu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St.Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-02-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Volobueva A.S., Zarubaev V.V., Lantseva K.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Волобуева А.С., Зарубаев В.В., Ланцева К.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volobueva A.S., Zarubaev V.V., Lantseva K.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волобуева А.С., Зарубаев В.В., Ланцева К.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1273">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1273</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Enteroviruses comprise highly diverse group of single-stranded positive RNA viruses belonging to Enterovirus genus, Picornaviridae family. They are the most prevalent viruses worldwide highlighted by high resistance to environmental cues. Enteroviruses normally cause seasonal self-limiting infections, but also known as causative infectious agents of encephalitis, myocarditis, poliomyelitis, acute heart failure and sepsis. Enterovirus genetic plasticity contributes to widespread epidemics and sporadic outbreaks (e. g., outbreaks of Enterovirus D68 and Enterovirus 71). Type B Coxsackieviruses of Enterovirus B species is one of commonly identified infectious agents associated predominantly with mild upper respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses. Nevertheless, Coxsackieviruses B3 infection can result in severe myocarditis leading ultimately to heart failure. The pathogenesis of Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis is well known being mediated by both direct damage due to viral proteases and indirectly via secondary host immune responses. Despite success in preventive vaccination of some enterovirus infections that allowed to control some of them direct antiviral agents for treatment of enteroviral infection particularly Coxsackieviruses B3 myocardial infection are still in demand. In addition, no ongoing clinical trials for therapy or prevention of Coxsackieviruses B3 infection are available. Current treatment strategies are mainly aimed to stabilize patient condition and relieve discomfort condition. It seems that relatively small market for anti-enteroviral drugs prevents pharma industry from developing new drugs. The Coxsackieviruses B3 lifecycle have been extensively studied and potential targets for drug design have been identified. The aim of our review was to describe current state in the field of antiviral drug design combating Coxsackieviruses B3 infection emphasizing direct-acting antivirals, albeit paying some attention to host factor-targeting inhibitors (including compounds from medicinal plant extracts) as well. The following categories of direct Coxsackieviruses B3 inhibitors are discussed in detail: capsid binders (pleconaril and its derivatives), viral 3C protease inhibitors (rupintrivir and its analogs), drugs targeting viral replication (both nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside inhibitors). Results of drug repurposing screens for amiloride, benzerazide, dibucaine and fluoxetine are also discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Энтеровирусы представляют собой разнообразную группу безоболочечных одноцепочечных положительных РНК-вирусов, принадлежащих к роду энтеровирусов семейства Picornaviridae. Они являются наиболее распространенными вирусами в мире и отличаются высокой устойчивостью к факторам внешней среды. Энтеровирусы вызывают сезонные инфекции, а также являются возбудителями энцефалита, миокардита, полиомиелита, острой сердечной недостаточности и сепсиса. Генетическая пластичность энтеровирусов способствует возникновению эпидемий и спорадических вспышек (например, вспышки инфекции энтеровируса D68 или энтеровируса 71). Вирусы Коксаки типа B, принадлежащие к виду энтеровирус B, вызывают преимущественно легкие заболевания верхних дыхательных путей и желудочно-кишечного тракта, но инфекция вируса Коксаки B3 также ассоциирована с развитием миокардита, который, в свою очередь, может привести к сердечной недостаточности. Патогенез миокардита, индуцированного вирусом Коксаки B3, хорошо изучен, он опосредован как прямым повреждением под действием протеаз вируса, так и косвенным повреждением вследствие иммунного ответа организма. Несмотря на успех в области вакцинопрофилактики ряда энтеровирусных инфекций, благодаря которому некоторые из них были взяты под контроль, сохраняется потребность в противовирусных препаратах, активных в отношении энтеровирусов. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют зарегистрированные противовирусные препараты прямого действия для терапии большинства энтеровирусных инфекций, в частности инфекции вируса Коксаки B3. Также не проводятся клинические испытания в области лечения или профилактики инфекции вируса Коксаки B3. Доступные стратегии лечения направлены на стабилизацию состояния пациента и снятию дискомфорта. Вероятно, относительно небольшой рынок препаратов против энтеровирусных инфекций является непривлекательным для фармацевтических компаний. Жизненный цикл вируса Коксаки B3 был тщательно изучен, и известны потенциальные привлекательные мишени для разработки противовирусных препаратов. Целью настоящей работы является обзор текущего состояния области разработки противовирусных препаратов против инфекции вируса Коксаки B3, особое внимание уделено разработке противовирусных препаратов прямого действия. Также упомянуты ингибиторы, нацеленные на клеточные факторы развития инфекции (включая соединения экстрактов лекарственных растений). Подробно рассмотрены следующие категории прямых ингибиторов вируса Коксаки B3: капсид-связывающие агенты (плеконарил и его производные), ингибиторы протеазы 3C (рупинтривир и его аналоги), ингибиторы репликации (как аналоги нуклеозидов, так и ненуклеозидные ингибиторы). Кроме того, в обзор включены результаты исследований перепрофилирования зарегистрированных лекарственных препаратов (амилорида, бензеразида, дибукаина и флуоксетина).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Enteroviruses</kwd><kwd>Coxsackievirus</kwd><kwd>infection</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd><kwd>antivirals</kwd><kwd>drug development</kwd><kwd>inhibitor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энтеровирусы</kwd><kwd>коксакивирус</kwd><kwd>инфекция</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd><kwd>противовирусные средства</kwd><kwd>разработка лекарств</kwd><kwd>ингибитор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Романенкова Н.И., Бичурина М.А., Розаева Н.Р., Канаева О.И., Шишко Л.А., Черкасская И.В., Кириллова Л.П. Вирусы Коксаки В1—6 как этиологический фактор энтеровирусной инфекции // Журнал инфектологии. 2016. Т. 8, № 2. 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