<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">12110</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-UTI-12110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR THE PRACTICAL PHYSICIANS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Urinary tract infection by <italic>Streptococcus equinus</italic>: a pediatric case presentation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция мочевых путей, вызванная <italic>Streptococcus equinus</italic>: случай из педиатрической практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Seitopoulou</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сейтопулу</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GR">Greece</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, MSc in Occupational and Enviromental Health, PhDc, Biopathologist, Laboratory of Biopathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., магистр в области гигиены труда и окружающей среды, доктор философии, биопатолог, лаборатория биопатологии</p></bio><email>antoniamour@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stamouli</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стамули</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GR">Greece</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>BSc, MSc in Health management, MSc in TQM, EurSpLM, Director of Biochemistry Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр, магистр в области управления здравоохранением, магистр всеобщего управления качества, Европейский специалист в области лабораторной медицины, директор лаборатории биохимии</p></bio><email>antoniamour@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalliora</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каллиора</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GR">Greece</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student at Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка биологического факультета</p></bio><email>antoniamour@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mourtzikou</surname><given-names>Antonia</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурцику</surname><given-names>Антония</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="GR">Greece</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>BSc, MSc in Clinical Chemistry, MPH, MPHM, EurSpLM, PhD, Scientific Senior Supervisor, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр, магистр клинической химии, магистр общественного здравоохранения, магистр управления первичной медико-санитарной помощью, Европейский специалист в области лабораторной медицины, к.н., старший научный руководитель лаборатории молекулярной диагностики</p></bio><email>antoniamour@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nikea Prime Care Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр первичной помощи</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Naval and Veterans Hospital of Athens</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Госпиталь военно-морских сил и ветеранов Афин</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Афинский национальный университет имени Каподистрии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">GHNP “Agios Panteleimon”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">«Агиос Пантелеймон»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-03-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1026</fpage><lpage>1030</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-24"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-05"><day>05</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Seitopoulou C., Stamouli M., Kalliora G., Mourtzikou A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Сейтопулу К., Стамули М., Каллиора Д., Мурцику А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seitopoulou C., Stamouli M., Kalliora G., Mourtzikou A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сейтопулу К., Стамули М., Каллиора Д., Мурцику А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/12110">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/12110</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Streptococcus equinus</italic> is a non-enterococcal group D Streptococcus, Gram positive, non-hemolytic, lactic acid bacterium. The incidence of colonization in humans increases in rural areas, where there is high risk of exposure to animal feces and fermented food products. It is associated with specific diseases, such as osteoarticular infections, meningitis, biliary infections, infective endocarditis and colorectal cancer. A male 10-year-old patient, asymptomatic, without underlying medical conditions, was referred for routine check-up at the Outpatient Pediatric Clinic of the Nikea General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece. According to patient history, he had spent two weeks at a summer camp, where he had direct contact with horses, such as horse riding, horse feeding, watering, horse care, etc. His brother, although he had the same contacts and activities, did not present an infection. Examinations of the eyes, mouth, ears, nose, throat and abdomen were normal. Laboratory tests showed mild leukocytosis (12 000/mm<sup>3</sup>, with 80% neutrophils) and slightly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (30 mm/h). Urinalysis and microscopy revealed bacteriuria by nitrite test and pyuria, so urine cultures were performed (Multistix 10 SG Reagent Strips, Siemens Healthineers). The urine culture grew monomicrobial<italic> S. equinus</italic> &gt; 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/ml. The bacterium was identified by the RapID™ REMEL ONE identification system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to Clindamycin, Tetracycline, Cefotaxime and high susceptibility to Erythromycin. The patient received treatment with Erythromycin. <italic>Streptococcus equinus</italic> has been isolated from the bowel in approximately 7% of the general population. Urinary tract infections are less common. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and having contact with animal feces. The patient, during his stay at the summer camp, had probably contact with horse feces during the relevant activities and therefore infected.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Streptococcus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>equinus</italic> — неэнтерококковый стрептококк группы D, грамположительная, негемолитическая, молочнокислая бактерия. В сельской местности частота инфицирования людей увеличивается, поскольку там существует высокий риск контакта с фекалиями животных и ферментированными пищевыми продуктами. <italic>Streptococcus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>equinus</italic> ассоциирована со специфическими заболеваниями, такими как костно-суставные инфекции, менингит, инфекции желчных путей, инфекционный эндокардит и колоректальный рак. Пациент мужского пола 10 лет, с бессимптомным течением и без сопутствующих заболеваний, был направлен на плановый осмотр в амбулаторную педиатрическую клинику больницы общего профиля Никея, Пирей, Греция. Согласно истории болезни, он провел две недели в летнем лагере, где имел непосредственный контакт с лошадьми, например, в ходе верховой езды, кормления и поения лошадей, а также ухода за ними и т. д. Однако инфекция не выявлена у его брата с аналогичными контактами и занятиями. Осмотр глаз, рта, ушей, носа, горла и живота особенностей не выявил. Лабораторные анализы показали умеренный лейкоцитоз (12 000/мм<sup>3</sup> с 80% нейтрофилов) и незначительное увеличение скорости оседания эритроцитов (30 мм/ч). Анализ мочи и микроскопия выявили бактериурию по нитритному тесту и пиурию, что обусловило проведение посева мочи (Multistix 10 SG Reagent Strips, Siemens Healthineers), где был обнаружен <italic>S</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>equinus</italic> &gt; 10<sup>5</sup> КОЕ/мл. Бактерию идентифицировали с помощью системы идентификации RapID™ REMEL ONE (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Тестирование чувствительности к противомикробным препаратам выявило устойчивость к клиндамицину, тетрациклину, цефотаксиму и высокую чувствительность к эритромицину. Пациент получал лечение эритромицином. <italic>Streptococcus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>equinus</italic> выделяется из кишечника примерно у 7% людей в общей популяции, а инфекции мочевыводящих путей встречаются реже. Факторами риска колонизации человека считаются проживание в сельской местности и контакт с фекалиями животных. Описанный в настоящем исследовании пациент, пребывавший в летнем лагере, вероятно, контактировал с фекалиями лошадей, что привело к развитию инфекции, вызванной <italic>Streptococcus</italic><italic> </italic><italic>equinus</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus equinus</kwd><kwd>monomicrobial</kwd><kwd>colonization</kwd><kwd>urinary tract</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Streptococcus equinus</kwd><kwd>мономикроб</kwd><kwd>колонизация</kwd><kwd>мочевыводящие пути</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bohlman T., Waddell H., Schumaker B. A case of bacteremia and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infection in a 70-year-old female following horse exposure in rural Wyoming. Ann. Clin. Microb. Antimicrob., 2023, vol. 22, no. 1: 65. doi: 10.1186/s12941-023-00602-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Boyle A.G., Timoney J.F., Newton J.R., Hines M.T., Waller A.S., Buchanan B.R. Streptococcus equinus Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment, Control, and Prevention of Strangles-Revised Consensus Statement. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 2018, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 633–647. doi: 10.1111/jvim.15043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Chayakulkeeree M., Nopjaroonsri P., Leelapornand A. Clinical characteristics of group D streptococcal bacteremia in a University Hospital in Thailand. Open Forum Infect. Dis., 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 831–843. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.548</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Chhabra D., Bhatia T., Goutam U., Manuja A., Kumar B. Strangles in equines: an overview. Microb. Pathog., 2023, vol. 178: 106070. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106070</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Dekker J.P., Lau A.F. An Update on the Streptococcus bovis Group: Classification, Identification, and Disease Associations. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2016, vol. 54, pp. 1694–1699. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02977-15</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>De Teresa-Alguacil J., Gutiérrez-Soto M., Rodríguez-Granger J., Osuna-Ortega A., Navarro-Marí J.M., Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Clinical interest of Streptococcus bovis isolates in urine. Rev. Esp. Quimioter., 2016, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 155–158.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>González-de la Cruz J.U., Rodríguez-Palma J.J., Escalante-Herrera K.S., de la Torre Gutiérrez L., Pérez-Morales R., de la Cruz-Leyva M.C. Identificación genética de bacterias ácido lácticas nativas en leche cruda de vaca y queso Poro artisanal. Manglar, 2021, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 7–13. doi: 10.17268/manglar.2021.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Jans C., Lacroix C., Meile L. A Novel Multiplex PCR/RFLP Assay for the Identification of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members from Dairy Microbial Communities Based on the 16S rRNA Gene. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 2012, vol. 326, pp. 144–150. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02443.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Jans C., Boleij A. The road to infection: host-microbe interactions defining the pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex members. Front Microbiol., 2018, vol. 9: 603. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00603</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kaiki Y., Kitagawa H., Tadera K., Taogoshi H., Ikeda M., Kano M., Harino T., Nomura T., Omori K., Shigemoto N., Takahashi S., Ohge H. Laboratory identification and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteremia: a retrospective, multicenter study in Hiroshima, Japan. BMC Infect. Dis., 2021, vol. 21, no. 1: 1192. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06880-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Keerty D., Yacoub A.T., Nguyen T.C., Haynes E., Greene J. First Case of Infective Endocarditis With Streptococcus equinus in an Immunocompetent Patient in North America: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus, 2021, vol. 13, no. 11: e19473. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19473</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Khurana S.K., Dhama K., Prasad M., Karthik K., Tiwari R. Zoonotic pathogens transmitted from equines: diagnosis and control. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci., 2015, no. 3 (2s), pp. 32–53. doi: 10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.2s.32.53</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Lopes P.G., Cantarelli V.V., Agnes G., Costabeber A.M., d’Azevedo P.A. Novel Real-time PCR Assays Using TaqMan Minor Groove Binder Probes for Identification of Fecal Carriage of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex from Rectal Swab Specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2014, vol. 52, pp. 974–976. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03253-13</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Marmolin E.S., Hartmeyer G.N., Christensen J.J., Nielsen X.C., Dargis R., Skov M.N., Knudsen E., Kemp M., Justesen U.S. Bacteremia with the bovis group streptococci: species identification and association with infective endocarditis and with gastrointestinal disease. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2016, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 239–242. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Matesanz M., Rubal D., Iñiguez I., Rabuñal R., García-Garrote F., Coira A., García-País M.J., Pita J., Rodriguez-Macias A., López-Álvarez M.J., Alonso M.P., Corredoira J. Is Streptococcus bovis a urinary pathogen? Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2015, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 719–725. doi: 10.1007/s10096-014-2273-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Öberg J., Nilson B., Gilje P., Rasmussen M., Inghammar M. Bacteraemia and infective endocarditis with Streptococcus bovis-Streptococcus equinus-complex: a retrospective cohort study. Infect. Dis., 2022, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 760–765. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2089730</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Pelkonen S., Lindahl S.B., Suomala P., Karhukorpi J., Vuorinen S., Koivula I., Väisänen T., Pentikäinen J., Autio T., Tuuminen T. Transmission of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection from horses to humans. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2013, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1041–1048.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Pompilio A., Di Bonaventura G., Gherardi G. An overview on Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex isolates: identification to the species/subspecies level and antibiotic resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2019, vol. 20, no. 3: 480.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Rosales-Castillo A., Jiménez-Guerra G., Ruiz-Gómez L., Expósito-Ruíz M., Navarro-Marí J.M., Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Emerging Presence of Culturable Microorganisms in Clinical Samples of the Genitourinary System: Systematic Review and Experience in Specialized Care of a Regional Hospital. J. Clin. Med., 2022, vol. 11, no. 5: 1348.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Sechi L.A., De Carli S., Ciani R. Streptococcus equinus endocarditis in a patient with pulmonary histiocytosis X. Am. J. Med., 2000, vol. 108, no. 6, pp. 522–523. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00331-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Stummer M., Frisch V., Glitz F., Hinney B., Spergser J., Krücken J., Diekmann I., Dimmel K., Riedel C., Cavalleri J.V., Rümenapf T., Joachim A., Lyrakis M., Auer A. Presence of Equine and Bovine Coronaviruses, Endoparasites, and Bacteria in Fecal Samples of Horses with Colic. Pathogens, 2023, vol. 12, no. 8: 1043.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Vinciguerra M., Santamaria V., Romiti S., D’Abramo M., Toto G., De Bellis A., Taliani G., Sangiorgi G., Greco E. Case Report: Streptococcus alactolyticus as a Rare Pathogen of Mitral Endocarditis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 2021, vol. 8: 648213.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
