Russian Journal of Infection and ImmunityRussian Journal of Infection and ImmunityИнфекция и иммунитет2220-76192313-7398SPb RAACI11710.15789/2220-7619-2013-1-7-14REVIEWSОБЗОРЫMYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM AS AN ACTUAL PATHOGEN OF HUMAN MYCOBACTERIOSISMYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM — АКТУАЛЬНЫЙ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЬ МИКОБАКТЕРИОЗА ЧЕЛОВЕКАStarkovaD. A.СтарковаД. А.
Russian Federation

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной микробиологии

197101, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Мира, 14

starkova_darya@mail.ruФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург04012013317140707201407072014Copyright ©; 2014, Starkova D.A.Copyright ©; 2014, Старкова Д.А.2014Starkova D.A.Старкова Д.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/117

Abstract. Mycobacteriosis is an infectious disease of animals and humans caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria including M. avium complex. Despite the fact that the transmission of M. avium from human to human has not been proved, and mycobacteriosis has been sporadic, the number of cases of disseminated forms of disease caused by M. avium among HIV-positive patients during the last ten years was increasing. Limited knowledge about the structure of M. avium population in Russia and the lack of simple methods for the microbiological diagnosis make difficult the epidemiological monitoring of mycobacteriosis. This facilitates the use of modern, efficient molecular genetic methods for the species and subspecies identification and typing of M. avium. Thus, the detection of mobile element IS901, restriction fragment polymorphism analysis of hsp65 gene and IS1245 allow the detection and subspecies identification of M. avium. The study of genomic polymorphisms of bacterial strains for the assessment of M. avium population structure became feasible due to a complex of molecular techniques: VNTR-typing, IS1245-and IS1311-RFLP-typing.

Резюме. Микобактериоз — инфекционное заболевание животных и человека, возбудителями которого являются представители большой группы нетуберкулезных микобактерий, включающих М. avium complex. Несмотря на то, что передача М. avium от человека к человеку не доказана и микобактериоз носит спорадический характер, среди ВИЧ-инфицированных за последние десять лет наметилась тенденция к росту числа случаев диссеминированной формы заболевания, вызванного М. avium. Недостаток сведений о структуре популяции М. avium в России, отсутствие простых чувствительных методов микробиологической диагностики ограничивают возможности эпидемиологического мониторинга микобактериоза в нашей стране. Это диктует необходимость использования современных эффективных молекулярно-генетических методов исследования для выявления, видовой идентификации и типирования М. avium. Так, использование методов выявления инсерционного элемента IS901, анализа полиморфизма рестрикционных фрагментов гена hsp65 и элемента IS1245 позволяет провести идентификацию и определение подвида M. avium. Исследование геномного полиморфизма штаммов M. avium для оценки структуры популяции возможно с помощью комплекса молекулярно-генетических методов VNTR-типирования, IS1245- и IS1311-RFLP-типирования.

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