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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1156</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-POL-1156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pattern of lactoferrin anti-influenza virus inhibitory activity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структура и ингибирующая активность лактоферрина по отношению к вирусу гриппа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зорина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Biology), Deputy Director for Science.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зорина Вероника Николаевна - доктор биологических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе.</p><p>197110, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Пудожская, 7, Тел.: 8 (812) 499-17-03</p></bio><email>nilimmun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГУПГосНИИособо чистых биопрепаратов ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Zorina V.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Зорина В.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zorina V.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зорина В.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1156">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1156</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Active antigenic drift allows the influenza virus to partially or completely avoid recognition by the immune system. For treatment, inhibitors of the proton-selective ion channel M2 and inhibitors of neuraminidase are used, which have undesirable side effects and provoke the emergence of treatment-resistant strains of the virus. This justifies the need to search for new therapeutic agents. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 75—80 kDa, capable for binding metal ions. The highest concentrations of LF are detected in colostrum and milk, a significant amount is deposited in neutrophil granules. The structure of the LF domains of human milk, cow, goat, pig, horse, camel, buffalo is homologous. LF interacts with both specific receptors and endocytosis receptors (LRP), Toll-like, signal receptors on the surface of various cell types. Lactoferrin of humans and animals has a high antiviral activity. This glycoprotein modulates the immune system, including the humoral and cellular immune responses, and regulates redox reactions. However, literature data on the role of this protein in the prevention and treatment of influenza are few. LF inhibitory activity against influenza A and B viruses has been described, including H1N1, H5N1, H7N1, H3N2 strains. It has been established that LF binds virus hemagglutinin, preventing interaction with the cell, blocks programmed cell death through interaction with caspase 3 for preventing the spread of the virus at the later stages of the infection, and blocks virus assembly. Peptides synthesized on the basis of LF C-domain structure demonstrate high inhibitory activity against virus. The use of LF as an adjuvant for vaccines is more effective than of aluminum oxide. Further study of LF effects on influenza virus and on the immune response during infection is necessary to develop new methods of prevention and treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Активный антигенный дрейф позволяет вирусу гриппа частично или полностью избегать распознавания иммунной системой. Для лечения применяются ингибиторы протон-селективного ионного канала М2 и ингибиторы нейраминидазы, имеющие нежелательные побочные эффекты и провоцирующие появление устойчивых к терапии штаммов вируса. Это обосновывает необходимость поиска новых терапевтических агентов. Лактоферрин (ЛФ) является гликопротеином с молекулярной массой 75—80 kDa, способным связывать ионы металлов. Наибольшие концентрации ЛФ выявляются в молозиве и молоке, значительное количество депонировано в гранулах нейтрофилов. Структура доменов ЛФ молока человека, коровы, козы, свиньи, лошади, верблюда, буйвола гомологична. ЛФ взаимодействует как со специфическими рецепторами, так и с рецепторами эндоцитоза (LRP), Toll-подобными, сигнальными рецепторами на поверхности различных типов клеток. Лактоферрин человека и животных обладает выраженной противовирусной активностью. Данный гликопротеин способен оказывать модулирующее воздействие на иммунную систему, включая гуморальный и клеточный иммунный ответ, регулировать окислительно-восстановительные реакции. Однако литературные данные о роли данного белка в профилактике и лечении гриппа малочисленны. Описана ингибирующая активность ЛФ по отношению к вирусам гриппа А и В, включая штаммы H1N1, H5N1, H7N1, H3N2. Установлено, что ЛФ связывает гемагглютинин вируса, предотвращая взаимодействие с клеткой; блокирует программируемую клеточную смерть, способствующую распространению вируса на поздних стадиях инфекции, через взаимодействие с каспазой 3; блокирует сборку вируса. Пептиды, синтезированные на основе структуры С-домена ЛФ, демонстрируют выраженную ингибирующую активность по отношению к штаммам вируса. Применение ЛФ в качестве адъюванта при вакцинации более эффективно, чем оксида алюминия. Дальнейшее изучение влияния ЛФ на вирус гриппа и иммунный ответ при заражении необходимо для разработки новых методов профилактики и лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lactoferrin</kwd><kwd>peptide</kwd><kwd>viruses</kwd><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>adjuvant</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лактоферрин</kwd><kwd>пептид</kwd><kwd>вирусы</kwd><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>адъювант</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Зорина В.Н., Зорин Н.А. Белковые компоненты врожденного иммунитета в защите от патогенной инвазии // Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2013. № 3. 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