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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инфекция и иммунитет</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2220-7619</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-7398</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">SPb RAACI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1138</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15789/2220-7619-TRO-1138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of infectious agent in development of tooth decay</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль инфекционного агента в развитии поражения зубов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Liubimova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Liubimova - PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor of Epidemiology Department.</p><p>191015, St. Petersburg, Kirochnaya str., 41, Phone: +7 906 244-83-22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любимова Анна Викторовна - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41, Тел.: 8 906 244-83-22</p></bio><email>lubimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brodina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бродина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD Student, Epidemiology Department.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бродина Татьяна Владимировна - аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>brodina23@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Epidemiology Department. </p>St. Petersburg</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Артемий Евгеньевич Гончаров - доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p>Санкт-Петербург</bio><email>phage1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor of the Department of General Practice Dentistry.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Викторович Силин - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры стоматологии общей практики.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>a.silin@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Epidemiology Department of North-Western.</p>St. Petersburg</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Людмила Павловна Зуева - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p>Санкт-Петербург</bio><email>uzueva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Children’s Dentist, PhD Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Климова - детский стоматолог, аспирант кафедры детской стоматологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>biberdent@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>Belova L.V., PhD, MD (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Health.</p>St. Petersburg</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Васильевна Белова - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры профилактической медицины и охраны здоровья.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>profnutr07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-11-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>747</fpage><lpage>754</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-01-23"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-09-14"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Liubimova A.V., Brodina T.V., Goncharov A.E., Silin A.V., Zueva L.P., Klimova E.A., Belova L.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Любимова А.В., Бродина Т.В., Гончаров А.Е., Силин А.В., Зуева Л.П., Климова Е.А., Белова Л.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Liubimova A.V., Brodina T.V., Goncharov A.E., Silin A.V., Zueva L.P., Klimova E.A., Belova L.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любимова А.В., Бродина Т.В., Гончаров А.Е., Силин А.В., Зуева Л.П., Климова Е.А., Белова Л.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1138">https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/view/1138</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim:</bold> to assess the relationship between colonization of the oral cavity with S. mutans and different genotypic characteristics and the degree of tooth decay in children.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> 274 children aged 5 to 17 years (153 girls and 121 boys) who received a preventive dental checkup were included in the study. The dental caries experience was assessed by the DMFT index (number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth), according to WHO recommendations. The plaque was collected with sterile wooden toothpicks from the buccal gingival margin or from fissures of the first molars and placed in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes, and then plated on Mitis Salivarius Agar medium (HiMedia, India). 481 strains of S. mutans were selected for further study. DNA was extracted by an express method. Amplification was performed in the CFX-96 thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, USA). Serotyping was performed by multiplex PCR. PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel with ethidium bromide (10 mg/mL) manufactured by Helicon, Moscow, and visualized in UV light in transilluminator UVT1 by Biokom. Genotyping was performed according to the methodology (Saarela et al., 1996) with the oligonucleotide primer OPA-02 (5’-TGCCGAGCTG-3’). Strains of S. mutans were studied for the presence of the following genes: gtfB, spaP, cnm, fruA, gtfB, htrA, comE, mutA x(I), mutA (II), mutA (III), nlmAB (IV), adcA, Smu.399, Smu.583, Smu.761, Smu.940c, Smu.1449, Smu.2130.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> S. mutans was isolated from all the examined children. Dental decay was detected in 82.4% of the children. Among the strains studied, all 4 serotypes were found: in children with a DMFT = 0 only serotypes k and f were detected; the predominant serotype in children with tooth decay was serotype c (74.7%). 19 genotypes of S. mutans were identified. In children without caries (DMFT = 0), S. mutans did not contain the genes spaP, comE, adcA, Smu.2130, Smu.1449, gtfB, htrA. With the increase in the DMFT index, the frequency of their detection increased. 9 genotypes of S. mutans had all 7 virulence factors. In 94.9% of children colonized by these “virulent” genotypes, high DMFT index scores were observed.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The data obtained indicate that only a limited number of specific strains have a cariogenic potential. Strains of S. mutans belonging to serotypes e and c with a combination of virulence genes spaP, gtfB, comE, adcA, Smu.2130, Smu.1449, and htrA were isolated from children with tooth decay. Strains without these factors did not cause any damage to the teeth. The degree of tooth decay increases with colonization by several genotypes with the combination of virulence factors described above.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель</bold>: оценить влияние колонизации полости рта штаммами S. mutans с различными генотипическими характеристиками на степень пораженности зубов у детей.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование были включены 274 ребенка в возрасте от 5 до 17 лет (153 девочки и 121 мальчик), которым проводился профилактический стоматологический осмотр. Степень пораженности зубов оценивалась по индексу КПУ (сумма кариозных, пломбированных, удаленных по причине кариеса зубов), согласно рекомендациям ВОЗ. Зубной налет собирался стерильными деревянными зубочистками с щечно-десневого края либо с фиссур первых моляров и помещался в 1,5 мл пробирки Eppendorf, затем проводился посев на среду Mitis Salivarius Agar (HiMedia, REF, Индия). Для дальнейшего изучения был отобран 481 штамм S. mutans. Выделение ДНК осуществлялось экспресс-методом. Амплификация выполнялась в термоциклере CFX-96 (Bio-Rad, США). Серотипирование проводилось методом мультиплекс-ПЦР. Анализ ПЦР-продуктов осуществлялся методом гель-электрофореза в 1,5% агарозном геле с окраской ДНК этидиумом бромида (10 мг/мл) производства Helicon (Москва) и визуализацией в УФ-лучах на трансиллюминаторе UVT1 производства Biokom. Генотипи-рование осуществлялось согласно методике (Saarela и соавт., 1996) олигонуклеотидным праймером OPA-02 (5'-TGCCGAGCTG-3'). Штаммы S. mutans были изучены на наличие следующих генов: gtfB, spaP, cnm, fruA, gtfB, htrA, comE, mutA (I), mutA (II), mutA (III), nlmAB (IV), adcA, Smu.399, Smu.583, Smu.761, Smu.940c, Smu.1449, Smu.2130.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>S. mutans был выделен у всех обследованных детей. Поражение зубов выявлено у 82,4% детей. Среди изучаемых штаммов были обнаружены все 4 серотипа: у детей с индексом КПУ = 0 обнаруживались только серотипы k и f, доминирующим серотипом у детей с поражением зубов являлся с (74,7%). Были идентифицированы 19 генотипов S. mutans. У детей без кариеса (индекс КПУ = 0) S. mutans не содержали гены spaP, comE, adcA, Smu.2130, smu1449, gtfB, htrA. С увеличением индекса КПУ увеличивалась частота их обнаружения. Все 7 факторов вирулентности имели 9 генотипов S. mutans. При колонизации данными «вирулентными» генотипами у 94,9% детей отмечался высокий индекс КПУ.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что лишь отдельные штаммы обладают кариесогенным потенциалом. У детей с поражением зубов были выделены штаммы S. mutans серотипов е и с, имеющие сочетание генов вирулентности: spaP, gtfB, comE, adcA, Smu.2130, Smu.1449, htrA. Штаммы, не имеющие данных факторов, повреждений зубов не вызывали. Степень пораженности зубов увеличивается при колонизации несколькими генотипами с данным профилем факторов вирулентности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>S. mutans</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>serotyping</kwd><kwd>virulence genes</kwd><kwd>tooth decay</kwd><kwd>virulent potential</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>S. mutans</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>серотипирование</kwd><kwd>гены вирулентности</kwd><kwd>поражение зубов</kwd><kwd>вирулентный потенциал</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1.	Скрипкина Г.И. Комплексный подход к возможности прогнозирования кариозного процесса в детском возрасте на донозологическом этапе развития заболевания // Стоматология для всех. 2011. № 2. С. 34—38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>2.	Argimon S., Caufield P.W. 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